“…2,9,10,14,20 Ongoing identification and management of challenges or barriers to PRNs and/or PRN programs is key to their success. 8,10,13,18 To overcome organizational barriers, it is essential to provide a knowledge base and ensure the competence of nurses involved in a PRN program. 2,9,19,20 Preparation is the initial groundwork and entails interactions prior to pain assessment, including preoperative information, individual attitudes and beliefs, cultures, and environment.…”