The July/August 2019 Lava Flows at the Sciara del Fuoco, Stromboli–Analysis from Multi-Sensor Infrared Satellite Imagery

Plank, Simon; Marchese, Francesco; Filizzola, Carolina; Pergola, Nicola; Neri, Marco; Nolde, Michael; Martinis, Sandro

doi:10.3390/rs11232879

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…They included modest Strombolian activities generated by vents at the bottom of the summit craters, incandescent gas emissions, and fumaroles from fractures. This analysis confirmed advantages of integrating information from different satellite-based systems for better investigating changes of thermal volcanic activity also in well-monitored volcanic areas (e.g., [88]). better investigating changes of thermal volcanic activity also in well-monitored volcanic areas (e.g., [88]).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…This analysis confirmed advantages of integrating information from different satellite-based systems for better investigating changes of thermal volcanic activity also in well-monitored volcanic areas (e.g., [88]). better investigating changes of thermal volcanic activity also in well-monitored volcanic areas (e.g., [88]). Regarding the factors affecting the NHI performance, clouds had the major impact on results of this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

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A Multi-Channel Algorithm for Mapping Volcanic Thermal Anomalies by Means of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI Data

et al. 2019

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The Multispectral Instrument (MSI) and the Operational Land Imager (OLI), respectively onboard Sentinel-2A/2B and Landsat 8 satellites, thanks to their features especially in terms of spatial/spectral resolution, represents two important instruments for investigating thermal volcanic activity from space. In this study, we used data from those sensors to test an original multichannel algorithm, which aims at mapping volcanic thermal anomalies at a global scale. The algorithm, named Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI), combines two normalized indices, analyzing near infrared (NIR) and short wave infrared (SWIR) radiances, to identify hotspot pixels in daylight conditions. Results, achieved studying a number of active volcanoes located in different geographic areas and characterized by a different eruptive behavior, demonstrated the NHI capacity in mapping both subtle and more intense volcanic thermal anomalies despite some limitations (e.g., missed detections because of clouds/volcanic plumes). In addition, the study shows that the performance of NHI might be further increased using some additional spectral/spatial tests, in view of a possible usage of this algorithm within a known multi-temporal scheme of satellite data analysis. The low processing times and the straight forth exportability to data from other sensors make NHI, which is sensitive even to other high temperature sources, suited for mapping hot volcanic targets integrating information provided by current and well-established satellite-based volcanoes monitoring systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

A Multi-Channel Algorithm for Mapping Volcanic Thermal Anomalies by Means of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI Data

et al. 2019

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“…On 3 rd July 2019, Stromboli experienced a Strombolian paroxysm without long-term precursors [9]. In the following months, lava has outpoured from a vent localized in the SW crater area, and sporadically from the NE one.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the following months, lava has outpoured from a vent localized in the SW crater area, and sporadically from the NE one. On 28 th August 2019, a new paroxysmal explosion occurred, followed by strong volcanic activity, culminating with a lava flow emitted from the SW-Central crater area [9]. Subsequently, the eruptive activity decreased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Aftermath of the 2019 Stromboli Eruption

et al. 2020

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This study focuses on the July-August 2019 eruption-induced wildfires at the Stromboli island (Italy). The analysis of land cover (LC) and land use (LU) changes has been crucial to describe the environmental impacts concerning endemic vegetation loss, damages to agricultural heritage, and transformations to landscape patterns. Moreover, a survey was useful to collect eyewitness accounts aimed to define the LU and to obtain detailed information about eruption-induced damages. Detection of burnt areas was based on PLÉIADES-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, and field surveys. Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and Relativized Burn Ratio (RBR) allowed mapping areas impacted by fires. LC and LU classification involved the detection of new classes, following the environmental units of landscape, being the result of the intersection between CORINE Land Cover project (CLC) and local landscape patterns. The results of multi-temporal comparison show that fire-damaged areas amount to 39% of the total area of the island, mainly affecting agricultural and semi-natural vegetated areas, being composed by endemic Aeolian species and abandoned olive trees that were cultivated by exploiting terraces up to high altitudes. LC and LU analysis has shown the strong correlation between land use management, wildfire severity, and eruption-induced damages on the island.Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 994 2 of 20 been collected soon after the second explosion, in order to constrain the nature, timing, and location of eruption impacts. Interviews were also fundamental for (1) reconstructing the LU, especially for the vegetated areas whose use was not clear from satellite images only, and (2) combined with a field survey in the burnt areas, to validate the remote sensing data.Stromboli (Figure 1), a volcanic island located in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the northern coast of Sicily, provides an outstanding record of volcanic island geomorphological evolution and of ongoing volcanic phenomena with the example of the "Strombolian" types of eruption. The landscape is the result of the interaction between volcanic activity, geomorphological evolution, and traditional land management. The persistent Strombolian activity is characterized by intermittent explosions from three vent areas (NE, SW, and Central) located in a summit crater terrace [4,5]. This activity is often punctuated by lava overflows from the crater terrace, and/or by flank eruptions, with the outpouring of lava flows from lateral vents [6,7], or by stronger explosions [8]. At Stromboli, wildfires with a small extensions have been observed following intermediate intensity explosions between "ordinary" activity and paroxysmal explosions (locally called major explosions [8]), whereas large-scale wildfire have been triggered by paroxysmal explosions (as in

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“…Nevertheless, because of their recent availability, the SENTINEL-2 (hereafter S2) thermal dataset is partially still under-investigated in volcanological studies: a few works started to use these images, mainly for studying qualitatively a specific eruption or volcanic phase [37][38][39], mapping lava flows [40] or as a comparison dataset to calculate pixel-integrated temperatures or to infer thermal model of a specific volcanic phenomena [41,42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Hot-Spot Detection Using SENTINEL-2: A Comparison with MODIS–MIROVA Thermal Data Series

et al. 2020

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In the satellite thermal remote sensing, the new generation of sensors with high-spatial resolution SWIR data open the door to an improved constraining of thermal phenomena related to volcanic processes, with strong implications for monitoring applications. In this paper, we describe a new hot-spot detection algorithm developed for SENTINEL-2/MSI data that combines spectral indices on the SWIR bands 8a-11-12 (with a 20-meter resolution) with a spatial and statistical analysis on clusters of alerted pixels. The algorithm is able to detect hot-spot-contaminated pixels (S2Pix) in a wide range of environments and for several types of volcanic activities, showing high accuracy performances of about 1% and 94% in averaged omission and commission rates, respectively, underlining a strong reliability on a global scale. The S2-derived thermal trends, retrieved at eight key-case volcanoes, are then compared with the Volcanic Radiative Power (VRP) derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and processed by the MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) system during an almost four-year-long period, January 2016 to October 2019. The presented data indicate an overall excellent correlation between the two thermal signals, enhancing the higher sensitivity of SENTINEL-2 to detect subtle, low-temperature thermal signals. Moreover, for each case we explore the specific relationship between S2Pix and VRP showing how different volcanic processes (i.e., lava flows, domes, lakes and open-vent activity) produce a distinct pattern in terms of size and intensity of the thermal anomaly. These promising results indicate how the algorithm here presented could be applicable for volcanic monitoring purposes and integrated into operational systems. Moreover, the combination of high-resolution (S2/MSI) and moderate-resolution (MODIS) thermal timeseries constitutes a breakthrough for future multi-sensor hot-spot detection systems, with increased monitoring capabilities that are useful for communities which interact with active volcanoes.

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The July/August 2019 Lava Flows at the Sciara del Fuoco, Stromboli–Analysis from Multi-Sensor Infrared Satellite Imagery

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

A Multi-Channel Algorithm for Mapping Volcanic Thermal Anomalies by Means of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI Data

A Multi-Channel Algorithm for Mapping Volcanic Thermal Anomalies by Means of Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI Data

Environmental Aftermath of the 2019 Stromboli Eruption

Volcanic Hot-Spot Detection Using SENTINEL-2: A Comparison with MODIS–MIROVA Thermal Data Series

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