The k<sup>-2</sup>Rupture Model Parametric Study: Example of the 1999 Athens Earthquake

Gallovič, František; Brokešová, Johana

doi:10.1023/b:sgeg.0000037473.70906.08

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Numerous SFFM generation algorithms have been proposed in the literature, and they often include parameters functionally similar to the S ∗ algorithm corner wave numbers [ Herrero and Bernard , ; Somerville et al , ; Mai and Beroza , ; Gallović and Brokešová , , ; Causse et al , , ]. To apply such algorithms a method to select parameter values is required (e.g., regressions with M w in this study), and to devise this it will usually be necessary to compute best fit model parameters from data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To apply such algorithms a method to select parameter values is required (e.g., regressions with M w in this study), and to devise this it will usually be necessary to compute best fit model parameters from data. If the SFFM algorithms include adjustments to slip values such as tapering, clipping, or absolute value transformation [ Herrero and Bernard , ; Gallović and Brokešová , , ; Causse et al , ; Løvholt et al , ], then the slip Fourier spectrum can deviate from the idealized spectral decay model (equation for the S ∗ algorithms used here) and ignoring this fact can lead to biased parameter estimates. The stochastic optimization algorithm devised in section 2.2.2 was designed to solve this problem and produced relatively accurate and unbiased corner wave number estimates for the S ∗ algorithms used here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SFFM have predominantly been developed in the seismological literature to provide synthetic slip distributions for ground motion modeling [ Herrero and Bernard , ; Somerville et al , ; Mai and Beroza , ; Gallović and Brokešová , , ; Lavallee et al , ; Causse et al , , ]. Many can be grouped into the k −2 SFFM family, where for high enough wave numbers the slip distributions' amplitude spectrum decays inversely with the square of the wave number [ Andrews , , ; Herrero and Bernard , ; Bernard et al , ; Somerville et al , ; Mai and Beroza , ; Gallović and Brokešová , , ; Causse et al , , ]. Several k −2 SFFM have been shown to be theoretically consistent with the observed ω −2 spectral decay of far‐field displacements [ Aki , ] given particular assumptions about the rupture rise time and propagation speed [ Andrews , , ; Herrero and Bernard , ; Bernard et al , ; Gallović and Brokešová , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tsunami inundation from heterogeneous earthquake slip distributions: Evaluation of synthetic source models

2015

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This study investigates whether eight different synthetic finite fault models (SFFM) can simulate stochastic earthquake‐tsunami with similar statistical properties to “real” earthquake‐tsunami events, where the latter are represented using heterogeneous slip distributions from 66 Finite Fault Inversions (FFI) for oceanic subduction interface earthquakes. A new method is derived to estimate SFFM parameters from FFI, and predictive relations between the earthquake moment magnitude and the SFFM corner wave numbers are developed to support model applications. SFFM with more capacity to spatially localize slip are better able to simulate higher slip regions on the FFI, and this strongly influences their associated tsunami inundation, which is computed in two dimensions over idealized topography. The best performing SFFM generates tsunami inundation which envelopes the FFI inundation in 81% of cases using 10 synthetic events (close to the ideal value of 82%), while the other SFFM show greater tendencies to underestimate inundation. These differences are related to the capacity of each SFFM to produce spatially localized slip distributions. None of the SFFM showed a tendency to overpredict inundation. The results highlight that SFFM cannot be assumed to reliably quantify uncertainties in the tsunami inundation of real earthquakes, and the use of untested SFFM could create nonconservative bias in tsunami hazard assessments. However, the most successful model used here performs quite well, although it may still underestimate inundation more often than an optimal model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tsunami inundation from heterogeneous earthquake slip distributions: Evaluation of synthetic source models

2015

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“…The HIC technique simulates the rupture process in terms of slipping of elementary subsources with fractal number-size distribution (fractal dimension 2), randomly placed on the fault plane (Zeng et al, 1994). At low frequencies, the source description is based on the representation theorem (integral approach, Aki and Richards, 2002), assuming a final slip distribution composed from the subsources, which is characterized by a k-squared decay (Herrero and Bernard, 1994;Gallovič and Brokešová, 2004). At high frequency, instead, the ground-motion synthesis is obtained summing the contributions from each individual subsource treated as a point source (composite approach).…”

Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The kinematic rupture model considered for the 0 s fault is based on the study of Cocco and Pacor (1993): the final slip distribution is characterized by two main asperities, the largest located close to the southern edge of the fault and the other located close to the northern edge, both at a depth between 6.5 and 11 km. Starting from the slip and rupture time distributions originally proposed by the authors, we calculated a k 2 slip model (Herrero and Bernard, 1994;Gallovič and Brokešová, 2004) shown in Figure 2a. The position of the nucleation Figure 1.…”

Section: Source and Propagation Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-Motion Simulations for the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia Earthquake (Southern Italy) and Scenario Events

Ameri

Emolo

Pacor

et al. 2011

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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In this paper, we adopt three ground-motion simulation techniques (the stochastic finite-fault simulation code from Motazedian and Atkinson, 2005; the hybrid deterministic-stochastic approach with approximated Green's functions from Pacor et al., 2005; and the broadband hybrid integral-composite technique with full-wavefield Green's functions from Gallovič and Brokešová, 2007), with the aim of investigating the different performances in near-fault strong-motion modeling and prediction from past and future events. The test case is the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia earthquake, the strongest event recorded in Italy in the last 30 years. First, we simulate the recorded strong-motion data and validate the model parameters by computing spectral acceleration and peak amplitude residual distributions. The validated model is then used to investigate the influence of site effects and to compute synthetic ground motions around the fault. Afterward, we simulate the expected ground motions from scenario events on the Irpinia fault, varying the hypocenters, the rupture velocities, and the slip distributions. We compare the median ground motions and related standard deviations from all scenario events with empirical ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs). The synthetic median values are included in the median 1 standard deviation of the considered GMPEs. Synthetic peak ground accelerations show median values smaller and with a faster decay with distance than the empirical ones. The synthetics total standard deviation is of the same order or smaller than the empirical one, and it shows considerable differences from one simulation technique to another. We decomposed the total standard deviation into its between-scenario and within-scenario components. The larger contribution to the total sigma comes from the latter, while the former is found to be smaller and in good agreement with empirical interevent variability.Online Material: Comparison of observed and simulated waveforms and spectra.

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How heterogeneous coseismic slip affects regional probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment: A case study in the South China Sea

et al. 2016

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Rupture complexity, typically in the form of heterogeneous slip distribution pattern, significantly affects the local tsunami wave field. However, the effect of rupture complexity is not commonly considered in any form of tsunami hazard assessment. Taking rupture complexity into account significantly increases the computational load, particularly in regional‐scaled probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments (PTHAs) that usually require a large number of simulations based on synthetic scenarios. In this study, we investigate how the heterogeneous slip distribution affects the regional‐scaled PTHA by taking the South China Sea (SCS) as an example. By doing this, we update PTHA for the SCS by incorporating the best available information of seismic tsunamigenic sources along the Manila megathrust. We integrate a stochastic source model into a Monte Carlo‐type simulation, in which a broad range of slip distribution patterns is generated for large numbers of synthetic earthquake events. Green's function technique is employed to efficiently calculate the nearshore tsunami wave amplitude along the SCS coastlines. Our result suggests that for a relatively small and confined region like the SCS, the commonly used approach based on the uniform slip model significantly underestimates tsunami hazard not only in the near‐source region like west Luzon, as expected, but also in the relative far field, such as south China and central Vietnam. Additionally, our sensitivity test of the patch size effects suggests that large patch size is unable to adequately resolve the details of heterogeneous seafloor deformation, and such approaches considerably underestimate the potential tsunami hazard for the SCS coasts.

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The k^-2Rupture Model Parametric Study: Example of the 1999 Athens Earthquake

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Tsunami inundation from heterogeneous earthquake slip distributions: Evaluation of synthetic source models

Tsunami inundation from heterogeneous earthquake slip distributions: Evaluation of synthetic source models

Ground-Motion Simulations for the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia Earthquake (Southern Italy) and Scenario Events

How heterogeneous coseismic slip affects regional probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment: A case study in the South China Sea

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The k-2Rupture Model Parametric Study: Example of the 1999 Athens Earthquake

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Tsunami inundation from heterogeneous earthquake slip distributions: Evaluation of synthetic source models

Tsunami inundation from heterogeneous earthquake slip distributions: Evaluation of synthetic source models

Ground-Motion Simulations for the 1980 M 6.9 Irpinia Earthquake (Southern Italy) and Scenario Events

How heterogeneous coseismic slip affects regional probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment: A case study in the South China Sea

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The k^-2Rupture Model Parametric Study: Example of the 1999 Athens Earthquake