The K<sup>+</sup> battery-regulating Arabidopsis K<sup>+</sup> channel AKT2 is under the control of multiple post-translational steps

Sandmann, Michael; Sklodowski, Kamil; Gajdanowicz, Paweł; Michard, Erwan; Rocha, Marcio; Gomez-Porras, Judith Lucia; González, Wendy; Corrêa, Luiz Gustavo Guedes; Ramírez-Aguilar, Santiago J.; Cuin, Tracey Ann; Dongen, Joost T. van; Thibaud, Jean‐Baptiste; Drèyer, Ingo

doi:10.4161/psb.6.4.14908

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The established K + gradient provides energy that is used by other transporters for phloem loading. This mechanism, the so-called 'potassium battery', serves as a mobile energy source to overcome local ATP-shortages and maintain the efficiency of the long-distance transport system (Gajdanowicz et al 2011, Dreyer et al 2017).…”

Section: K and Mg Involvement In Photoassimilate Translocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection

Tränkner

Tavakol

Jákli

2018

Physiologia Plantarum

431

193

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Potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) are mineral nutrients that are required in large quantities by plants. Both elements critically contribute to the process of photosynthesis and the subsequent long-distance transport of photoassimilates. If K or Mg is not present in sufficient quantities in photosynthetic tissues, complex interactions of anatomical, physiological and biochemical responses result in a reduction of photosynthetic carbon assimilation. As a consequence, excessive production of reactive oxygen species causes photo-oxidation of the photosynthetic apparatus and causes an up-regulation of photoprotective mechanisms. In this article, we review the functioning of K and Mg in processes directly or indirectly associated with photosynthesis. Focus is given to chloroplast ultrastructure, light-dependent and -independent reactions of photosynthesis and the diffusion of CO - a major substrate for photosynthesis - into chloroplasts. We further emphasize their contribution to phloem-loading and long-distance transport of photoassimilates and to the photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus.

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Section: K and Mg Involvement In Photoassimilate Translocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection

Tränkner

Tavakol

Jákli

2018

Physiologia Plantarum

431

193

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“…Nevertheless, it is proposed that the two phospho-serine residues alone are not sufficient to completely convert AKT2 between its modes. Sandmann et al (2011) proposed rather a transition via a cascade of posttranslational (so far unknown) modifications. This hypothesis is fuelled by experimental observations.…”

Section: Voltage Dependent K+ Channels In Arabidopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lysine within the voltage sensor enables AKT2 to sense its phosphorylation status and to change between the two modes. Replacement of the lysine by serine or arginine keeps AKT2 in its inward rectifying mode 1 (Michard et al, 2005b; Sandmann et al, 2011). …”

Section: Voltage Dependent K+ Channels In Arabidopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of K+ channels in uptake and redistribution of potassium in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Sharma¹,

Drèyer²,

2013

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Potassium (K+) is inevitable for plant growth and development. It plays a crucial role in the regulation of enzyme activities, in adjusting the electrical membrane potential and the cellular turgor, in regulating cellular homeostasis and in the stabilization of protein synthesis. Uptake of K+ from the soil and its transport to growing organs is essential for a healthy plant development. Uptake and allocation of K+ are performed by K+ channels and transporters belonging to different protein families. In this review we summarize the knowledge on the versatile physiological roles of plant K+ channels and their behavior under stress conditions in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.

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“…If we now consider the release of NH 4 + as a positively charged ion, the fungus could harvest the battery effect (Gajdanowicz et al ., ; Sandmann et al ., ; Notes S2). Thus, from an energetic point of view with respect to the N/P/C trade, the release of charged ammonium via NH 4 + channels has strong advantages for the fungus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis from a thermodynamic point of view

et al. 2019

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Summary To obtain insights into the dynamics of nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal ( AM ) symbiosis, we modelled mathematically the two‐membrane system at the plant–fungus interface and simulated its dynamics. In computational cell biology experiments, the full range of nutrient transport pathways was tested for their ability to exchange phosphorus (P)/carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) sources. As a result, we obtained a thermodynamically justified, independent and comprehensive model of the dynamics of the nutrient exchange at the plant–fungus contact zone. The predicted optimal transporter network coincides with the transporter set independently confirmed in wet‐laboratory experiments previously, indicating that all essential transporter types have been discovered. The thermodynamic analyses suggest that phosphate is released from the fungus via proton‐coupled phosphate transporters rather than anion channels. Optimal transport pathways, such as cation channels or proton‐coupled symporters, shuttle nutrients together with a positive charge across the membranes. Only in exceptional cases does electroneutral transport via diffusion facilitators appear to be plausible. The thermodynamic models presented here can be generalized and adapted to other forms of mycorrhiza and open the door for future studies combining wet‐laboratory experiments with computational simulations to obtain a deeper understanding of the investigated phenomena.

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The K⁺ battery-regulating Arabidopsis K⁺ channel AKT2 is under the control of multiple post-translational steps

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection

Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection

The role of K+ channels in uptake and redistribution of potassium in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis from a thermodynamic point of view

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The K+ battery-regulating Arabidopsis K+ channel AKT2 is under the control of multiple post-translational steps

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection

Functioning of potassium and magnesium in photosynthesis, photosynthate translocation and photoprotection

The role of K+ channels in uptake and redistribution of potassium in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis from a thermodynamic point of view

Contact Info

Product

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The K⁺ battery-regulating Arabidopsis K⁺ channel AKT2 is under the control of multiple post-translational steps