The Kabanga Ni sulfide deposit, Tanzania: I. Geology, petrography, silicate rock geochemistry, and sulfur and oxygen isotopes

Maier, Wolfgang D.; Barnes, Sarah‐Jane; Sarkar, Arindam; Ripley, E. M.; Li, Chusi; Livesey, T.

doi:10.1007/s00126-010-0280-0

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They could be also compared with Voisey's bay in Canada [Lambert et al, 1999]; Kabanga deposit in Tanzania [Maier et al, 2010]; Nebo-Babel in Australia [Godel et al, 2011]; and the Nova deposit in granulite facies rocks of the Fraser range in Australia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Samapleu mafic-ultramafic intrusion and its Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization: an Eburnean (2.09 Ga) feeder dyke to the Yacouba layered complex (Man Archean craton, western Ivory Coast)

Gouedji

Picard

Yacouba

et al. 2014

Bulletin De La Société Géologique De France

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International audienceThe Yacouba layered complex intrudes the Archean (3.5–2.7 Ga) Kenema-Man craton in the Samapleu-Yorodougou area, western Ivory Coast. In Samapleu area, the complex was recognized in drill holes at three locations: Samapleu Main (SM); Samapleu Extension 1 (E1) and Yorodougou (Yo). It comprises websterites, peridotites and gabbro-norites arranged symmetrically with mafic layers at the center and ultramafic layers at both margins. The complex is inclined at 70–80° to the SE. The thickness of individual layers varies from 2 to 60 m and the total thickness is 120 to 200 m. At the E1 site, the complex extends to depths > 500 m. Contacts with the country rock gneiss are characterized by a hybrid zone that is a few meters thick and composed of plagioclase-orthopyroxene bearing metabasites, and locally (E1 site) a metamorphic assemblage of sapphirine-cordierite-sillimanite-spinel ± rutile. This assemblage is attributed to contact metamorphism during intrusion of the complex in the lower crust at a depth of about 25 km. Zircons in country rock gneisses and granulites, as well as in the hybrid facies, yield Archean ages of ~ 2.78 Ga, similar to ages reported in the Man craton. Rutiles in the hybrid zone give a U-Pb age of 2.09 Ga, which is interpreted as the age of contact metamorphism and emplacement of the intrusion. The Samapleu Main and Samapleu Extension 1 sites contain Ni and Cu sulfide deposit with reserves estimated as more than 40 million tons grading 0.25% Ni and 0.22% Cu (Sama Nickel-CI, August 2013). The Ni-Cu mineralization is composed of pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and rare pyrite, which is disseminated mainly in pyroxenite or occurs as subvertical and semi-massive to massive sulfide veins. The sulfide textures range from matrix ore, net-textured, droplets or breccia textures. Zones enriched in PGM, particularly Pd, are associated with the sulfides and several chromite bands are also present. These observations suggest that an immiscible sulfide liquid formed from a parental silicate liquid and percolated through the crystal pile. The parental melt composition, determined using the Chai and Naldrett [1992] method, has a SiO2-rich mafic composition with 53% SiO2 and 10% MgO. This result, the presence of the hybrid zone, and the trace-element signature determined using the Bedard [1994] method, suggest a mantle-derived basaltic parental magma that had assimilated abundant continental crust. These observations indicate that Samapleu intrusion corresponds to a magmatic conduit of the Yacouba complex as at Jinchuan (China), Voisey’s bay (Canada), Kabanga (Tanzania) or Nkomati (South Africa)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Samapleu mafic-ultramafic intrusion and its Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization: an Eburnean (2.09 Ga) feeder dyke to the Yacouba layered complex (Man Archean craton, western Ivory Coast)

Gouedji

Picard

Yacouba

et al. 2014

Bulletin De La Société Géologique De France

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“…1375 Ma, interpreted to be a single bimodal magmatism marking the Kibaran event (Tack et al, 110 2010). However, the age constraints are mainly from granitoids, and there is 111 evidence that the mafic-ultramafic layered intrusions, which host world-class 112 nickel sulfide deposits, must have predated the granites (Evans et al, 1999;113 Maier et al, 2007;Maier et al, 2010). In this study, we mainly target monazite in the sedimentary rocks that have been affected by contact metamorphism in response to igneous intrusions, and establish a precise record of the history of metamorphic monazite growth, which offers new insights into the timing and geodynamic context of the igneous intrusions and related Ni-PGE mineralization.…”

Section: Alteration 80mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intrusions are thought to have crystallized from a mantle-derived, high-Mg picritic or basaltic 153 magma, with various amounts of crustal assimilation (Evans et al, 1999;Duchesne et al, 2004;Maier et al, 2008), though Duchesne et al (2004) also invoked a sub-continental lithospheric mantle source to explain the enriched Nd isotopic signatures (εNd(t) values of -8 to -3) observed in some 157 gabbronorite intrusions. The intrusions contain abundant sulfides, pyrrhotite, pentlandite, and lesser amounts of chalcopyrite and pyrite (Evans et al, 1999;Maier et al, 2010), forming the significant nickel sulfide deposits of the East African Nickel Belt. The Kapalagulu intrusion also contains high-grade platinum-group-element (PGE) mineralization associated with chromitite and sulfide-bearing harzburgite (Maier et al, 2008;Wilhelmij and Cabri, 2016).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mafic-ultramafic intrusions were emplaced within metasedimentary 164 rocks of the Karagwe-Ankole sedimentary sequences that unconformably rest 165 on the Archean-early Proterozoic basement of the Congo and Tanzania 166 cratons (Maier et al, 2010). The sedimentary sequences are composed of thick successions (up to 5000 m) of alternating arenaceous and pelitic rocks (Maier et al, 2010;Tack et al, 2010). S-type granites are widespread in areas NW of the KM alignment ( Fig.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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U-Pb monazite ages of the Kabanga mafic-ultramafic intrusions and contact aureoles, central Africa: Geochronological and tectonic implications

Rasmussen

Muhling

et al. 2019

GSA Bulletin

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Mafic-ultramafic rocks of the Kabanga-Musongati alignment in the East African nickel belt occur as Bushveld-type layered intrusions emplaced in metasedimentary sequences. The age of the mafic-ultramafic intrusions remains poorly constrained, though they are regarded to be part of ca. 1375 Ma bimodal magmatism dominated by voluminous S-type granites. In this study, we investigated igneous monazite and zircon from a differentiated layered intrusion and metamorphic monazite from the contact aureole. The monazite shows contrasting crystal morphology, chemical composition, and U-Pb ages. Monazite that formed by contact metamorphism in response to emplacement of mafic-ultramafic melts is characterized by extremely high Th and U and yielded a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 1402 ± 9 Ma, which is in agreement with dates from the igneous monazite and zircon. The ages indicate that the intrusion of ultramafic melts was substantially earlier (by ∼25 m.y., 95% confidence) than the prevailing S-type granites, calling for a reappraisal of the previously suggested model of coeval, bimodal magmatism. Monazite in the metapelitic rocks also records two younger growth events at ca. 1375 Ma and ca. 990 Ma, coeval with metamorphism during emplacement of S-type granites and tin-bearing granites, respectively. In conjunction with available geologic evidence, we propose that the Kabanga-Musongati mafic-ultramafic intrusions likely heralded a structurally controlled thermal anomaly related to Nuna breakup, which culminated during the ca. 1375 Ma Kibaran event, manifested as extensive intracrustal melting in the adjoining Karagwe-Ankole belt, producing voluminous S-type granites. The Grenvillian-aged (ca. 990 Ma) tin-bearing granite and related Sn mineralization appear to be the far-field record of tectonothermal events associated with collision along the Irumide belt during Rodinia assembly. Since monazite is a ubiquitous trace phase in pelitic sedimentary rocks, in contact aureoles of mafic-ultramafic intrusions, and in regional metamorphic belts, our study highlights the potential of using metamorphic monazite to determine ages of mafic-ultramafic intrusions, and to reconstruct postemplacement metamorphic history of the host terranes.

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“…Together, these dykes form the (Tack et al, 2008) with which the LVDS is similarly coeval (e.g. Maier et al, 2010;Mäkitie et al, 2014). Together, these form the c. 1380 Ma magmatism in the Lake Victoria region, which is part of the broader Kunene-Kibaran LIP (Figure 33), (Tack et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Geophysical Identification and Characterization of Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions in Plume Centre Regions

Blanchard¹

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Gravity and magnetic data from the EGM2008 and EMAG2 datasets are used for a global study of geophysical anomalies in LIP plume centre regions with the goal of identifying maficultramafic intrusions linked to those LIPs. Geophysical anomalies within eighteen LIPs are investigated. Four of these LIPs are selected for detailed modelling: the Mackenzie, High-Arctic, Kunene-Kibaran, and Deccan LIPs.Modelling supports that these anomalies are produced by large (radius >30 km) and generally deep-seated crustal intrusions, with densities consistent with mafic-ultramafic rock and magnetic susceptibilities consistent with serpentinized ultramafic rock. Modelling also indicates that these values remain consistent within a LIP, particularly regarding density and depth. Lastly, we recognize three types of spatial distributions for intrusions in plume centre regions: 1) intrusions that circumscribe the plume centre emplaced along circular fault systems, 2) intrusions emplaced along rifts, in some cases rifts that converge towards the plume centre, and 3) single/unclassified intrusions.ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank my supervisors Dr. Richard Ernst and Dr. Claire Samson. Your knowledge, enthusiasm and generous support over the past two years has been unwavering and is sincerely appreciated. I would also like to thank Alan King, who provided the data used in the project and insight into developing the project.

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The Kabanga Ni sulfide deposit, Tanzania: I. Geology, petrography, silicate rock geochemistry, and sulfur and oxygen isotopes

Cited by 40 publications

References 29 publications

The Samapleu mafic-ultramafic intrusion and its Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization: an Eburnean (2.09 Ga) feeder dyke to the Yacouba layered complex (Man Archean craton, western Ivory Coast)

The Samapleu mafic-ultramafic intrusion and its Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization: an Eburnean (2.09 Ga) feeder dyke to the Yacouba layered complex (Man Archean craton, western Ivory Coast)

U-Pb monazite ages of the Kabanga mafic-ultramafic intrusions and contact aureoles, central Africa: Geochronological and tectonic implications

Geophysical Identification and Characterization of Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions in Plume Centre Regions

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