The Kaiser Permanente prenatal smoking-cessation trial11The full text of this article is available via AJPM Online at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ajpmonline.

Ershoff, Daniel H.; Quinn, Virginia P.; Boyd, Neal R.; Stern, Julie; Gregory, Margaret E.; Wirtschafter, David D.

doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(99)00071-9

Cited by 130 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…smoking and physical activity) simultaneously, while also coping with being pregnant and attending multiple treatment sessions; this could have a negative impact on cessation, which may then have an effect on the predictive ability of the dependency measures. Although this study considered a broad range of variables that might have an impact upon smoking cessation there are other variables which we did not include, which have been found to predict cessation in pregnancy and which might be important, such as whether the pregnancy is planned, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, exposure to patient education methods, perceived social support, stressful life events in early pregnancy, use of illicit substances before pregnancy, motivation to quit and nausea during pregnancy 19, 20, 21, 22.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, psychological variables that have been shown to predict cessation in pregnancy include lower levels of depression, stress and anxiety 17, 18. Other predictors of cessation include higher self‐efficacy for quitting, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, exposure to patient education methods, greater perceived social support, stressful life events in early pregnancy, ethnicity, family history of diabetes and no use of marijuana before the pregnancy 19, 20, 21, 22.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2016

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AimsTo examine the ability of different common measures of cigarette dependence to predict smoking cessation during pregnancy.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a parallel‐group randomized controlled trial of physical activity for smoking cessation. The outcomes were biochemically validated smoking abstinence at 4 weeks post‐quit and end‐of‐pregnancy.SettingWomen identified as smokers in antenatal clinics in 13 hospital trusts predominantly in southern England, who were recruited to a smoking cessation trial.ParticipantsOf 789 pregnant smokers recruited, 784 were included in the analysis.MeasurementsUsing random‐effect logistic regression models, we analysed the effects of baseline measures of cigarette dependence, including numbers of cigarettes smoked daily, Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) score, the two FTCD subscales of Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) and non‐Heaviness of Smoking Index (non‐HSI), expired carbon monoxide (CO) level and urges to smoke (strength and frequency) on smoking cessation. Associations were adjusted for significant socio‐demographic/health behaviour predictors and trial variables, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive ability of the model for each measure of dependence.FindingsAll the dependence variables predicted abstinence at 4 weeks and end‐of‐pregnancy. At 4 weeks, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for a unit standard deviation increase in FTCD was 0.59 (0.47–0.74), expired CO = 0.54 (0.41–0.71), number of cigarettes smoked per day 0.65 (0.51–0.84) and frequency of urges to smoke 0.79 (0.63–0.98); at end‐of‐pregnancy they were: 0.60 (0.45–0.81), 0.55 (0.37–0.80), 0.70 (0.49–0.98) and 0.69 (0.51–0.94), respectively. HSI and non‐HSI exhibited similar results to the full FTCD.ConclusionsFour common measures of dependence, including number of cigarettes smoked per day, scores for Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence and frequency of urges and level of expired CO, all predicted smoking abstinence in the short term during pregnancy and at end‐of‐pregnancy with very similar predictive validity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2016

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“…Educational campaigns clearly highlighting the risks of excess weight gain for mother and baby could help women understand the importance of this issue. Previously studied anti-smoking messaging that emphasizes negative outcomes for the baby has improved quit rates for pregnant women [42, 43]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advice given by community members to pregnant women: a mixed methods study

Verma

Plegue

Moniz

et al. 2016

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundSmoking and excess weight gain during pregnancy have been shown to have serious health consequences for both mothers and their infants. Advice from friends and family on these topics influences pregnant women’s behaviors. The purpose of our study was to compare the advice that community members give pregnant women about smoking versus the advice they give about pregnancy weight gain.MethodsA survey was sent via text messaging to adults in a diverse, low-income primary care clinic in 2015. Respondents were asked what advice (if any) they have given pregnant women about smoking or gestational weight gain and their comfort-level discussing the topics. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample population and to determine response rates. Open-ended responses were analyzed qualitatively using grounded theory analysis with an overall convergent parallel mixed methods design.ResultsRespondents (n = 370) were 77 % female, 40 % black, and 25 % reported education of high school or less. More respondents had spoken to pregnant women about smoking (40 %, n = 147) than weight gain (20 %, n = 73). Among individuals who had not discussed either topic (n = 181), more reported discomfort in talking about weight gain (65 %) compared to smoking (34 %; p < 0.0001). Advice about smoking during pregnancy (n = 148) was frequently negative, recommending abstinence and identifying smoking as harmful for baby and/or mother. Advice about weight gain in pregnancy (n = 74) revealed a breadth of messages, from reassurance about all weight gain (“Eat away” or “It’s ok if you are gaining weight”), to specific warnings against excess weight gain (“Too much was dangerous for her and the baby.”).ConclusionsMany community members give advice to pregnant women. Their advice reveals varied perspectives on the effects of pregnancy weight gain. Compared to a nearly ubiquitous understanding of the harms of smoking during pregnancy, community members demonstrated less awareness of and willingness to discuss the harms of excessive weight gain. Beyond educating pregnant women, community-level interventions may also be important to ensure that the information pregnant women receive supports healthy behaviors and promotes the long-term health of both moms and babies.

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“…Williams et al [41] have coined the term program thickness to refer to the "collective intensity, duration, delivery agent, and intervention modality" of an intervention. However, research has also shown that more is not always better when considering which ingredients to include in an intervention [42] or a website [19,43,44], perhaps because adding features increases the response cost of participation and reduces usage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining Participant Exposure Measures in Web-Based Health Behavior Change Programs

et al. 2006

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BackgroundPublished research on the use of Web-based behavior change programs is growing rapidly. One of the observations characterized as problematic in these studies is that participants often make relatively few website visits and spend only a brief time accessing the program. Properly structured websites permit the unobtrusive measurement of the ways in which participants access (are exposed to) program content. Research on participant exposure to Web-based programs is not merely of interest to technologists, but represents an important opportunity to better understand the broader theme of program engagement and to guide the development of more effective interventions.ObjectivesThe current paper seeks to provide working definitions and describe initial patterns of various measures of participant exposure to ChewFree.com, a large randomized controlled trial of a Web-based program for smokeless tobacco cessation.MethodsWe examined measures of participant exposure to either an Enhanced condition Web-based program (interactive, tailored, and rich-media program) or a Basic condition control website (static, text-based material). Specific measures focused on email prompting, participant visits (number, duration, and pattern of use over time), and Web page viewing (number of views, types of pages viewed, and Web forum postings).ResultsParticipants in the ChewFree.com Enhanced condition made more visits and spent more time accessing their assigned website than did participants assigned to the Basic condition website. In addition, exposure data demonstrated that Basic condition users thoroughly accessed program content, indicating that the condition provided a meaningful, face-valid control to the Enhanced condition.ConclusionsWe recommend that researchers conducting evaluations of Web-based interventions consider the collection and analysis of exposure measures in the broader context of program engagement in order to assess whether participants obtain sufficient exposure to relevant program content.

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The Kaiser Permanente prenatal smoking-cessation trial11The full text of this article is available via AJPM Online at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/ajpmonline.

Cited by 130 publications

References 22 publications

Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial

Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial

Advice given by community members to pregnant women: a mixed methods study

Defining Participant Exposure Measures in Web-Based Health Behavior Change Programs

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