The karyotype and ultrastructural characteristics of spontaneous preimplantation mouse parthenotes

Anderson, Everett; Hoppe, Peter C.; Lee, Gloria S.

doi:10.1002/mrd.1120090409

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These primary oocytes may be activated parthenogenetically and begin development (Stevens & Varnum 1974, Anderson et al 1984, Kaufman & Howlett 1986, Maleszewski & Yanagimachi 1995, Eppig et al 1996 or they may be fertilised to produce dygynic triploid embryos (Kaufman & Speirs 1987, O'Neill & Kaufman 1987, Maleszewski & Yanagimachi 1995. The MI arrest occurs in LT/Sv oocytes denuded of cumulus cells (Ciemerych & Kubiak 1998), and experiments with chimeric reconstituted ovaries showed that MI arrest in the related strain LTXBO was a consequence of the genotype of the oocyte rather than the surrounding follicle cells (Eppig et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic influences on ovulation of primary oocytes in LT/Sv strain mice

Everett¹,

Auchincloss²,

Kaufman³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

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A high proportion of LT/Sv strain oocytes arrest in meiotic metaphase I (MI) and are ovulated as diploid primary oocytes rather than haploid secondary oocytes. (Mus musculus castaneus 3 LT/SvKau)F1 3 LT/SvKau backcross females were analysed for the proportion of oocytes that arrested in MI and typed by PCR for a panel of microsatellite DNA sequences (simple sequence repeat polymorphisms) that differed between strain LT/SvKau and M. m. castaneus. This provided a whole genome scan of 86 genetic markers distributed over all 19 autosomes and the X chromosome, and revealed genetic linkage of the MI arrest phenotype to markers on chromosomes 1 and 9. Identification of these two chromosomal regions should facilitate the identification of genes involved in mammalian oocyte maturation and the control of meiosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic influences on ovulation of primary oocytes in LT/Sv strain mice

Everett¹,

Auchincloss²,

Kaufman³

et al. 2004

Reproduction

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“…first drew attention to the fact that spontaneous parthenogenetic activation occurred within ovarian follicles and in a proportion of the naturally ovulated oocyte population of LT/Sv strain mice. There has accordingly been considerable interest shown in the sequential changes that occur within the ovary of this strain of mouse [Stevens, 1975;Eppig, 19781 as well as in the developmental pathways taken by the oocytes that undergo spontaneous parthenogenetic activation within the reproductive tract [Kaufman, 1983;Anderson, et al , 1984;Kaufman and Howlett, 1986;Kaufman and Speirs, 1987;O'Neill and Kaufman, 19871. A preliminary cytogenetic study of recently activated oocytes revealed that, despite the presence of one pronucleus and a polar body, about 30% of the oocytes had, contrary to expectation, a diploid chromosome constitution, with evidence of "homologous chromosome pairing" [Kaufman, 19831. Subsequent studies [Kaufman and Howlett, 1986;O'Neill and Kaufman, 19871 revealed that LT/Sv strain mice regularly ovulate both primary and secondary oocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of exogenous hormones on the ovulation of primary and secondary oocytes in LT/Sv strain mice

Speirs

Kaufman

1988

Gamete Research

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LT/Sv strain mice ovulate both primary and secondary oocytes. These are fertilizable and give rise to digynic triploid and normal diploid conceptuses, respectively. A previous study [Kaufman and Speirs, 1987] had indicated that just over 20% of embryos recovered on the 10th day of gestation from spontaneously ovulating females had a triploid chromosome constitution. This value was considerably lower than might have been expected by extrapolation from earlier studies in which LT/Sv mice had been given exogenous gonadotrophins. In the present study, therefore, cytogenetic analysis of fertilized eggs was performed at the first cleavage mitosis in (1) spontaneously ovulating females mated to F1 hybrid males, and (2) superovulated females mated to similar males. Additional females from group (1) were autopsied on the 10th day of gestation, and the ploidy of embryos isolated at this stage of gestation was determined. Exposure to exogenous gonadotrophins significantly increased the proportion of eggs that were ovulated as primary oocytes (34.4%), compared to the situation observed following spontaneous ovulation (24.4%). All the triploids encountered in both series were of the digynic type and characteristically (for LT/Sv mice) had an oocyte-derived set with 40 chromosomes present, and a sperm-derived set containing 20 chromosomes. Similar numbers of eggs were recovered from spontaneously ovulating females on the 1st and 10th days of gestation, and the incidence of triploidy observed on the 10th day was 22.1%. The influence of exogenous hormones in increasing the "spontaneous" level of triploidy in LT/Sv and in other strains of mice is briefly reviewed.

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“…It has been also confirmed that parthenogenetic mouse embryos develop only until 13.5 days of pregnancy when transplanted [20]. Although the reason for such a low potential of development in parthenogenones remains unclear, ultrastructural disorder [1][2][3], low metabolic activity [5][6][7][8], delay of cell division [18,19] and lack of paternal genome imprinting [20][21][22][23][24] are supposed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…n reports [1][2][3] on the observation of the ultrastructure of parthenogenetic mouse embryos, it netic embryos than in fertilized embryos [1,3,4].…”

Section: -Research Note-mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Histochemical Study of the Steroid Metabolism in Parthenogenetic Mouse Blastocysts.

Niimura

Asami

1997

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The activities of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) and adenylate cyclase in parthenogenetic mouse blastocysts derived from the ova activated and diploidized by the treatment of ethanol and cytochalasin B were histochemically examined, and were compared with those in control blastocysts developed from fertilized ova. Although the activities of ∆ 5 -3β-HSD with DHA and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone as the substrates, 17β-HSD with testosterone, 20α-HSD and 20β-HSD did not differ between parthenogenetic and control blastocysts, the activities of ∆ 5 -3β-HSD with pregnenolone as the substrate, 17β-HSD with estradiol-17β and adenylate cyclase were significantly lower in parthenogenetic blastocysts. These results suggest that the metabolism of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, 20α-hydroxyprogesterone, 20β-hydroxyprogesterone and androgen in parthenogenetic blastocysts is comparable to that in control blastocysts, whereas the metabolism of progesterone, estrogen and cyclic AMP in parthenogenetic blastocysts is low compared with that in control blastocysts. When parthenogenetic blastocysts were treated with hCG, the activities of ∆ 5 -3β-HSD with pregnenolone as the substrate and 17β-HSD with estradiol-17β were stimulated, but were still lower than those of control blastocysts. The low potential of development in parthenogenetic embryos was discussed in relation to their steroid metabolism. [7] have been studied in the mouse, and the metabolism or synthesis of these substances has been found to be low, compared with that of fertilized embryos. It has also been reported histochemically that the ability of digestion and of interconversion between carbohydrate and lipid are lower in parthenogenetic mouse blastocysts than in blastocysts developed from fertilized ova [8]. Thus, such low metabolic activities in parthenogenetic embryos are thought to be a reason for lower potentials of development in these embryos [5][6][7][8]. However, there have been no reports in which the metabolism of substances, other than is stated that the proportion of nucleolonema in the nucleolus in these embryos is higher than that in fertilized embryos, and parthenogenetic embryos have many mitochondria with vacuolated cristae, but very few cytoplasmic organelles, such as Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and ribosomes. It has also been determined in morphological studies of the mouse that the contents of lipid droplets and crystalloids are fewer in parthenogenetic blastocysts than in blastocysts developed from fertilized ova [1,4]. From these results, it has been assumed that the metabolic activity is lower in parthenoge-

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The karyotype and ultrastructural characteristics of spontaneous preimplantation mouse parthenotes

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Genetic influences on ovulation of primary oocytes in LT/Sv strain mice

Genetic influences on ovulation of primary oocytes in LT/Sv strain mice

Effect of exogenous hormones on the ovulation of primary and secondary oocytes in LT/Sv strain mice

A Histochemical Study of the Steroid Metabolism in Parthenogenetic Mouse Blastocysts.

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