The Kelvin and temperature measurements

Bw, Mangum; Gt, Furukawa; Kg, Kreider; Cw, Meyer; Dc, Ripple; Gf, Strouse; Tew, Weston L.; Mr, Moldover; Johnson, B. Carol; Hw, Yoon; Ce, Gibson; Rd, Saunders

doi:10.6028/jres.106.006

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…Currently, the smallest uncertainties of spectral radiance measurements with working standards within the visible and near IR wavelength band (VNIR) are 0.2% to 0.4% [7,8] and ~ 0,1 K for radiation temperature measurements within the thermal IR band (TIR) within the dynamic range of temperature measurements with Earth observation systems [9]. Formally, the requirements can be met but their implementation by all participants of the multi-national system may be a problem.…”

Section: Formulation Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrological support for climatic time series of satellite radiometric data

Sapritsky

Burdakin

Khlevnoy

et al. 2009

J. Appl. Remote Sens

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A necessary condition for accumulating fundamental climate data records is the use of observation instruments whose stability and accuracy are sufficiently high for climate monitoring purposes; the number of instruments and their distribution in space should be sufficient for measurements with no spatial or temporal gaps. The continuous acquirement of data over time intervals of several decades can only be possible under the condition of simultaneous application of instruments produced by different manufacturers and installed on different platforms belonging to one or several countries.The design of standard sources for pre-flight calibrations and in-flight monitoring of instruments has to meet the most stringent requirements for the accuracy of absolute radiometric measurements and stability of all instruments. This means that the radiometric scales should be stable, accurate, and uniform.Current technologies cannot ensure the high requirements for stability and compatibility of radiometric scales: 0.1% per decade within the 0.3 -3 µm band and 0.01 K per decade within the 3 -25 µm band.It is suggested that this task can be aided through the use of the pure metals or eutectic alloy phase transition phenomenon that always occur at the same temperature. Such devices can be used for pre-flight calibrations and for on-board monitoring of the stability of radiometric instruments. Results of previous studies of blackbody models that incorporate phase transition phenomenon are quite promising. A study of the phase transition of some materials in small cells was conducted for future application in onboard monitoring devices and its results are positive and allow us to begin preparations for similar experiments in space.

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Section: Formulation Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metrological support for climatic time series of satellite radiometric data

Sapritsky

Burdakin

Khlevnoy

et al. 2009

J. Appl. Remote Sens

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“…Beam line 3 provides source based radiometry and is called the Facility for Irradiance Calibration Using Synchrotron, FICUS. It provides calibrations from 200 nm to 400 nm [20]. The combined relative uncertainty for FICUS is 0.7 % ( k = 2).…”

Section: Uv Vis/nir and Ir Standards At Nist For Si Traceabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Best practice guidelines for pre-launch characterization and calibration of instruments for passive optical remote sensing

Ru¹,

Jp²,

Lykke³

et al. 2011

J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol.

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The pre-launch characterization and calibration of remote sensing instruments should be planned and carried out in conjunction with their design and development to meet the mission requirements. The onboard calibrators such as blackbodies and the sensors such as spectral radiometers should be characterized and calibrated using SI traceable standards. In the case of earth remote sensing, this allows inter-comparison and intercalibration of different sensors in space to create global time series of climate records of high accuracy where some inevitable data gaps can be easily bridged. The recommended best practice guidelines for this pre-launch effort is presented based on experience gained at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) programs over the past two decades. The currently available radiometric standards and calibration facilities at NIST serving the remote sensing community are described. Examples of best practice calibrations and intercomparisons to build SI (international System of Units) traceable uncertainty budget in the instrumentation used for preflight satellite sensor calibration and validation are presented.

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“…In 1993, the PRTs were removed from the apparatus and calibrated over an extended temperature range, thereby extending the range of the guarded-hot-plate apparatus. All temperatures for the 1993 and 2008 calibrations were based on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) [23][24]. For the 2008 calibration, the expanded uncertainty (k = 2) in the bath temperature measurements from -70°C to 0°C did not exceed 0.0023°C, from 0°C to 95°C did not exceed 0.0024°C, and from 95°C to 300°C did not exceed 0.0048°C.…”

Section: For 29 Years the Prts Have Been Calibrated By The Nist Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrical schematic for meter-plate power measurement.The equation for the determination of Qm isQm = IV m = -Kn( 24 ) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard Reference Materials

Harris¹,

Leigh²,

Zarr³

2011

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Thermal conductivity measurements at and near room temperature are presented as the basis for certified values of thermal conductivity for SRM 1450d, Fibrous Glass Board. The measurements have been conducted in accordance with a randomized full factorial experimental design with two variables, bulk density and temperature, using the NIST 1016 mm line-heat-source guarded-hot-plate apparatus. The thermal conductivity of the SRM specimens was measured over a range of bulk densities from 1 14 kg-mf 3 to 124 kg-irf 3 and mean temperatures from 280 K to 340 K. Uncertainties of the measurements, consistent in format with current international guidelines, have been prepared. Statistical analyses of the physical properties from the SRM are presented and include variations between boards, as well as within board. Each unit of SRM 1450d is individually certified for bulk density, p, and batch certified for thermal conductivity with the following equation: where X is the predicted thermal conductivity (W-rn-K") and T m is the mean temperature (K) valid over the temperature range of 280 K to 340 K. The expanded uncertainty for X values from the above equation is 1 % with a coverage factor of approximately k = 2. calibration; bulk density; fibrous glass board; guarded-hot-plate apparatus; heat-flowmeter apparatus; standard reference material; SRM 1450d; thermal conductivity; thermal

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The Kelvin and temperature measurements

Cited by 20 publications

References 81 publications

Metrological support for climatic time series of satellite radiometric data

Metrological support for climatic time series of satellite radiometric data

Best practice guidelines for pre-launch characterization and calibration of instruments for passive optical remote sensing

Standard Reference Materials

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