The ketamine crisis: Does South Africa have a plan B?

Wall, Stephen; Bangalee, Varsha

doi:10.7196/samj.2019.v109i12.14188

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A few studies reported a stock-out of essential medicines in Malawi, Egypt, and Uganda (Alsirafy and Farag, 2016;Khuluza and Heide, 2017). Literature also reported shortages of TB drugs, Ketamine, and drugs against HIV in African countries (Seunanden and Day, 2013;Gray, 2014;Addo et al, 2018;Wall and Bangalee, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Shortage: Causes, Impact, and Mitigation Strategies

et al. 2021

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Drug shortage is a global issue affecting low, middle, and high-income countries. Many countries have developed various strategies to overcome the problem, while the problem is accelerating, affecting the whole world. All types of drugs, such as essential life-saving drugs, oncology medicines, antimicrobial drugs, analgesics, opioids, cardiovascular drugs, radiopharmaceutical, and parenteral products, are liable to the shortage. Among all pharmaceutical dosage forms, sterile injectable products have a higher risk of shortage than other forms. The causes of shortage are multifactorial, including supply issues, demand issues, and regulatory issues. Supply issues consist of manufacturing problems, unavailability of raw materials, logistic problems, and business problems. In contrast, demand issues include just-in-time inventory, higher demand for a product, seasonal demand, and unpredictable demand. For regulatory issues, one important factor is the lack of a unified definition of drug shortage. Drug shortage affects all stakeholders from economic, clinical, and humanistic aspects. WHO established global mitigation strategies from four levels to overcome drug shortages globally. It includes a workaround to tackle the current shortage, operational improvements to reduce the shortage risk and achieve early warning, changes in governmental policies, and education and training of all health professionals about managing shortages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Shortage: Causes, Impact, and Mitigation Strategies

et al. 2021

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“…89,109 However, one study revealed a South African ketamine shortage and noted that alternative treatments proved challenging, since that required difficult judgments to be made on which patient populations would be given priority for a medication in short supply. 110 Overall, the occurrence of postoperative pain in Africa may be worsened by the fact that there is currently a lack of medicine that prevents severe pain. In light of this, it is still necessary to find powerful, effective medications that can consistently be obtained in sufficient quantities.…”

Section: Medicine Shortage and Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Current Situation of Postoperative Pain and Causes of Inadequate Pain Management in Africa

Gao¹,

Mu²,

Lin³

et al. 2023

JPR

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Postoperative pain is one of the most prevalent complications following surgery, and more than 47% of surgical patients endure postoperative discomfort worldwide. In Africa, due to resource shortages and other issues, postoperative pain is substantially more common when compared to developed countries. Severe postoperative pain has many negative effects, including possibly death, which can burden both individuals and society as a whole. Therefore, effectively controlling postoperative pain is becoming increasingly important. To enhance the effectiveness of future pain management, a thorough analysis of the current reasons for inadequate postoperative pain management is necessary. In this article, the present situations of occurring postoperative pain, children's postoperative pain, and pain management in Africa are reviewed, based on relevant and recent literature. In particular, the reasons for inadequate postoperative pain management in Africa are detailed in this article from five perspectives: the inadequate assessment of postoperative pain, the knowledge gap among medical professionals, the patients' misconceptions, the scarcity of resources, and the lack of medications. Additionally, we offer appropriate solutions following various factors.

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The ketamine crisis: Does South Africa have a plan B?

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Drug Shortage: Causes, Impact, and Mitigation Strategies

Drug Shortage: Causes, Impact, and Mitigation Strategies

Review of the Current Situation of Postoperative Pain and Causes of Inadequate Pain Management in Africa

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