The Key Enzymes in the Suberin Biosynthetic Pathway in Plants: An Update

Nomberg, Gal; Marinov, Ofir; Arya, Gulab Chand; Manasherova, Ekaterina; Cohen, Hagai

doi:10.3390/plants11030392

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In the same way, the formation of lignosuberized periderm tissue was accompanied by massive accumulation of putative proteins involved in different aspects of suberin and lignin pathways. These included proteins executing the synthesis of suberin aliphatic and aromatic monoacylglycerols (ASFT and GPAT5, respectively), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$\omega $\end{document} -hydroxylation of monomers (CYP86A1 and CYP86B1), formation of alcohols (FAR1), and transport of suberin building blocks (ABCG2, ABCG6 and LTP1; [ 67 ]); along with typical lignin proteins such as LACCASEs, PEROXYDASEs, CASPs, and UCLACYANINs. Correspondingly, peroxidase activity and gene expression were detected in reticulated skin of melon fruit [ 3 , 68 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic and proteomic repertoires of periderm tissue in skin of the reticulated Sikkim cucumber fruit

Arya

Dong

Heinig

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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Suberized and/or lignified (i.e. lignosuberized) periderm tissue appears often on surface of fleshy fruit skin by mechanical damage caused following environmental cues or developmental programs. The mechanisms underlying lignosuberization remain largely unknown to date. Here, we combined an assortment of microscopical techniques with an integrative multi-omics approach comprising proteomics, metabolomics and lipidomics to identify novel molecular components involved in fruit skin lignosuberization. We chose to investigate the corky Sikkim cucumber (Cucumis sativus var. sikkimensis) fruit. During development, the skin of this unique species undergoes massive cracking and is coated with a thick corky layer, making it an excellent model system for revealing fundamental cellular machineries involved in fruit skin lignosuberization. The large-scale data generated provides a significant source for the field of skin periderm tissue formation in fleshy fruit and suberin metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The metabolic and proteomic repertoires of periderm tissue in skin of the reticulated Sikkim cucumber fruit

Arya

Dong

Heinig

et al. 2022

Horticulture Research

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“…FATB genes, which are determinant for the synthesis of saturated fatty and their transport from the chloroplast to the cytosol, dispensed an increased expression in russeted apple skin, suggesting that they play a crucial role in the mobilization of fatty precursors for the synthesis of suberin building blocks ( Bonaventure et al., 2003 ; Legay et al., 2015 ). MdMYB68 also triggered the expression of multiple 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthetase ( KCS1 , KCS2 , KCS4 , KCS11 ) and 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase ( KCR1 ) which belong to the fatty acid elongation complex and produce the very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA), a characteristic signature of the suberin monomers ( Blacklock and Jaworski, 2006 ; Nomberg et al., 2022 ). KCS2/DAISY has been previously described as a major actor in the VLCFA biosynthesis in root suberin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis ( Franke et al., 2009 ; Lee et al., 2009 ), whereas KCS4 displayed an enhanced expression in the suberized skin of the semi russeted ‘Cox Orange Pippin’ variety ( Legay et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several BAHD-acyltansferase genes were upregulated after MdMYB68 overexpression. Among these, we found a gene similar to the Arabidopsis aliphatic suberin feruloyl transferase (ASFT/AT5G41040), which is responsible for the condensation of ferulic acid with fatty acids during the suberin monomer biosynthesis ( Molina et al., 2009 ; Molina and Kosma, 2015 ; Nomberg et al., 2022 ). A large number of genes coding GDSL-motif esterase/lipase protein were also induced by MdMYB68.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of MdMYB68, a suberin master regulator in russeted apples

Guerriero

Domergue

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionApple russeting is mainly due to the accumulation of suberin in the cell wall in response to defects and damages in the cuticle layer. Over the last decades, massive efforts have been done to better understand the complex interplay between pathways involved in the suberization process in model plants. However, the regulation mechanisms which orchestrate this complex process are still under investigation. Our previous studies highlighted a number of transcription factor candidates from the Myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor family which might regulate suberization in russeted or suberized apple fruit skin. Among these, we identified MdMYB68, which was co-expressed with number of well-known key suberin biosynthesis genes.MethodTo validate the MdMYB68 function, we conducted an heterologous transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana combined with whole gene expression profiling analysis (RNA-Seq), quantification of lipids and cell wall monosaccharides, and microscopy.ResultsMdMYB68 overexpression is able to trigger the expression of the whole suberin biosynthesis pathway. The lipid content analysis confirmed that MdMYB68 regulates the deposition of suberin in cell walls. Furthermore, we also investigated the alteration of the non-lipid cell wall components and showed that MdMYB68 triggers a massive modification of hemicelluloses and pectins. These results were finally supported by the microscopy.DiscussionOnce again, we demonstrated that the heterologous transient expression in N. benthamiana coupled with RNA-seq is a powerful and efficient tool to investigate the function of suberin related transcription factors. Here, we suggest MdMYB68 as a new regulator of the aliphatic and aromatic suberin deposition in apple fruit, and further describe, for the first time, rearrangements occurring in the carbohydrate cell wall matrix, preparing this suberin deposition.

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“…Apart from its aromatic domain, suberin was also composed of a diverse aliphatic domain made of fatty acid derivatives with chain lengths longer then C20, including fatty alcohols, ω-hydroxyacids, α-hydroxyacids, and α,ω-diacids [ 20 ]. Herein, skin tissues from all reticulated fruit accumulated various metabolites belonging to these biochemical classes that were either extremely low or virtually absent in skin tissues belonging to smooth-skin fruit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Collection of Melon (Cucumis melo) Fruit Cultivars with Varied Skin Appearances Provide Insight to the Contribution of Suberin in Periderm Formation and Reticulation

Manasherova¹,

Cohen²

2022

Plants

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At times of fruit skin failure, reticulation made of a wound-periderm is formed below the cracked skin in order to seal the damaged tissue. Preceding investigations shed light on the mechanisms underlying the formation of fruit skin reticulation, demonstrating that the walls of periderm cells are heavily suberized and lignified. However, the relative contribution of the suberin pathway to these processes, as well as the association between suberin contents in the periderm tissue and reticulation degree, are largely unknown. To strengthen our understanding on these important physiological and agricultural aspects, we comparatively profiled skin tissues of a collection of smooth- and reticulated-skin melon (Cucumis melo) cultivars for suberin monomer composition via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This metabolite profiling approach accompanied by statistical tools highlighted the fundamental chemical differences between the skin of smooth fruit made of a typical cuticle, to the skin of reticulated fruit made of large amounts of archetypal suberin building blocks including hydroxycinnamic acids, very long chain fatty acids, fatty alcohols, α-hydroxyacids, ω-hydroxyacids, and α,ω-diacids. Next, using image analysis we generated ‘reticulation maps’ and calculated the relative densities of reticulation. We then performed correlation assays in order to monitor suberin monomers that specifically correlate well with reticulation degree. Nonetheless, total suberin contents and most suberin building blocks did not show high correlations with reticulation degree, further suggesting that additional factors are likely to influence and regulate these processes. Altogether, the data provided vital information regarding the relative contribution of the suberin pathway to periderm formation and skin reticulation.

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The Key Enzymes in the Suberin Biosynthetic Pathway in Plants: An Update

Cited by 24 publications

References 73 publications

The metabolic and proteomic repertoires of periderm tissue in skin of the reticulated Sikkim cucumber fruit

The metabolic and proteomic repertoires of periderm tissue in skin of the reticulated Sikkim cucumber fruit

Characterization of MdMYB68, a suberin master regulator in russeted apples

A Collection of Melon (Cucumis melo) Fruit Cultivars with Varied Skin Appearances Provide Insight to the Contribution of Suberin in Periderm Formation and Reticulation

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