The key parameter of shale oil resource evaluation: Oil content

Wang, Min; Ming, Li; Li, Jinbu; Xu, Liang; Zhang, Jinyou; Zhang, Jinxu

doi:10.1016/j.petsci.2022.03.006

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…The mobility of shale oil is significantly reduced because of the strong affinity between adsorbed oil and the pore surface. ,, Theoretically, free oil is the actual amount of available shale oil, and the free oil in this research designates the movable oil. In previous studies, soluble OM content and pyrolysis S 1 in shale were effective characterization parameters of the oil content. ,,,, However, the adsorbed/free oil was removed simultaneously in the extraction process because the soluble OM could not distinguish the physical state of the oil. , Therefore, this study does not consider the soluble OM content but directly uses rock pyrolysis parameters to evaluate the shale oil content. Previous scholars also characterized free oil in shale through pyrolysis methods. ,,, Jarvie , proposed a new method to eliminate the influence of the carryover effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, both free and adsorbed oil were washed away during the extraction process with the organic solvent. ,, Therefore, the relationship between the distribution of movable oil (free oil) and pore distribution cannot be determined from the difference in pores before and after extraction. Hence, this research analyzes the experimental data of shale in three different lacustrine basins (Junggar, Bohai Bay, and Songliao Basins) to determine the minimum oil content when movable oil occurs and the threshold of pore size corresponding to movable oil (Figure A,B).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,36,48,50,91 However, the adsorbed/free oil was removed simultaneously in the extraction process because the soluble OM could not distinguish the physical state of the oil. 18,92 Therefore, this study does not consider the soluble OM content but directly uses rock pyrolysis parameters to evaluate the shale oil content. Previous scholars also characterized free oil in shale through pyrolysis methods.…”

Section: Occurrence State Of Shalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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The pore structure and occurrence state of hydrocarbons in shale reservoirs are significant factors affecting shale oil production. However, how pore structure affects the occurrence of shale oil remains unclear. This paper aims at analyzing the major distribution space of shale oil with various physical states in shale pores using experimental approaches. Therefore, the original samples and solvent-extracted samples of lacustrine shale from the Permian Fengcheng Formation in Junggar Basin were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and N 2 adsorption/desorption methods. The findings demonstrate that the Fengcheng shale has high oil content, with free oil accounting for 57.17% of the total oil yield. The pore size distribution characteristics of original and solvent-extracted shale samples indicate that shale oil is mainly stored in mesopore pores with diameters between 5 and 40 nm. The threshold limit of pore diameter for the movable oil in shale reservoirs is between 3.5 and 19 nm. Also, by comparing shale oil mobility in various basins, it is found that petroleum mobility occurs when the total oil yield in the shale reaches 6 mg HC/g Rock. Meanwhile, the threshold value of petroleum mobility in different basins is related to the pore shape. Parallel plate pores within shales are more favorable for petroleum mobility. This research presents the mobility of the shale oil threshold, which is critical for shale oil exploration and exploitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Occurrence State Of Shalementioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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“…The rising demand of hydrocarbons as a clean and green energy source has caused the study of unconventional oil and gas resources. − The unconventional mudrocks have received renewed research focus for over two decades because of their emergence as the source and reservoir for shale oil and shale gas (mudrocks include mudstones and shales). − Major shale oil plays include the Shahejie, Kongdian, Qingshankou, Yanchang, Fengcheng, and Lucaogou shales in China ,, and the Bakken, Woodford, Eagle Ford formations in North America. − Shale gas plays consist of the Wufeng-Longmaxi, Qiongzhusi, Shanxi-Taiyuan, and Yanchang shales in China − and the Lewis, Antrim, New Albany, Ohio, Barnett, Marcellus, Haynesville, and Fayetteville formations in North America. ,− ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Scale and Multi-Dimensional Imaging of Mineral Matrix Pore-Fracture Networks in Lower-Thermal-Maturity Lacustrine Shale: Examples from the Paleogene Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin

Zhao²,

Wen

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The pore-fracture network within shale significantly controls the microscopic storage of hydrocarbons. The Paleogene lacustrine Shahejie Formation of Bohai Bay Basin represents an outstanding lower-thermal-maturity example of a mineral matrix pore-fracture system. Recent studies have shown that most pores in Shahejie shale detectable by high-resolution electron microscopy are associated with an inorganic mineral matrix instead of organics. However, because of the lack of both qualitative and quantitative data on nanometer to micrometer scales, such microstructures have limited the ability to predict hydrocarbon storage feature. Representative Shahejie shale samples come from the Well F39X1 to investigate the pore-fracture network using a synergistic multiscale multi-dimensional workflow by field emission scanning electron microscopy, multi-scale CT, and FIBSEM. Investigations in both 2D and 3D and across cm−mm−μm−nm length scales indicate heterogeneity at every scale and dimensions. From 2D SEM images, clay flake-hosted interparticle pores, rigid grain-hosted interparticle pores, intraparticle dissolution pores, grain-rim microfractures, intragranular microfractures, and matrix microfractures are identified with varying numbers, sizes, and geometries. Large field-of-view 2D scanning electron microscopy images were also used to quantitatively and statistically study the abundance and size of pores and fractures. Using multi-scale CT techniques, pores and fractures from centimeter to nanometer scales were observed with preferential propagation along the mineral aggregate-rich laminations, resulting in an interconnected pore-fracture network. Using FIBSEM, the mineral/organic particles and their related pore phases were visualized, quantitatively computing the pore size and abundance. The visual results suggest that the mineral matrix pore-fracture network in lacustrine Shahejie Formation plays a key role as the liquid hydrocarbon storage space. The application of these techniques to the lower-thermal-maturity shale reservoirs provides important insights into estimating and visualizing rock microstructural heterogeneity and preliminarily establishing a liquid hydrocarbon microscopic storage model.

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“…Some breakthroughs have been made in continental shales in China, especially marked by the success of well Liuping 177 drilled in Zhangjiatan shale of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin (Guo et al, 2014;Ji et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2017). In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on unconventional shale oil resources, and many of them are devoted to the resource potential assessment of lacustrine shales (e.g., Wang et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2019;Li et al, 2022;Wang et al, 2022). Therefore, the resource assessment of shale gas/oil is a key problem in the exploration of unconventional oil/gas (Cheng et al, 2017(Cheng et al, , 2018Jin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Grain-Based Rock-Eval Pyrolysis Method to Evaluate Hydrocarbon Generation, Expulsion, and Retention of Lacustrine Shale

Liao

Wang²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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The study on hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention of shale is becoming more and more important as the exploration of unconventional oil and gas worldwide. There are multiple sets of lacustrine shales in the eastern area of China, which show a great potential for shale oil/gas exploration. In this study, a grain-based Rock-Eval pyrolysis method was conducted on three sets of lacustrine shales, including the Nenjiang shale, Shahejie shale, and Maoming oil shale, to evaluate the hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention. For comparison, pyrolysis of kerogen from the three shale samples was also carried out under the same experimental conditions. The Maoming oil shale showed a slightly broader distribution of activation energies than the Nenjiang and Shahejie shales, while the Nenjiang shale showed higher dominant activation energy than the Shahejie shale and the Maoming oil shale. At laboratory heating rates (5–25°C/min), the corresponding temperature to the maximum hydrocarbon generating rate of shale grains was collectively higher than that of their kerogen, especially for the Nenjiang and Shahejie shales, which implies a lagging effect during the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process for the shales. By calculating the differences in hydrocarbon yields between shale grain and kerogen samples, the content and proportion of the retained hydrocarbons were measured at different maturation stages. The results showed that the Nenjiang shale from the Songliao Basin has the strongest retention ability but the weakest expulsion ability, whereas the Shahejie shale from the Dongying Depression has the strongest expulsion ability but the weakest retention ability among the three samples. Moreover, it is found that the pore structure of lacustrine shales is likely the principal factor controlling the hydrocarbon retention ability/capacity. This study is expected to provide a geochemical quantitative basis for evaluating hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention of shale.

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The key parameter of shale oil resource evaluation: Oil content

Cited by 43 publications

References 84 publications

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Multi-Scale and Multi-Dimensional Imaging of Mineral Matrix Pore-Fracture Networks in Lower-Thermal-Maturity Lacustrine Shale: Examples from the Paleogene Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin

Application of the Grain-Based Rock-Eval Pyrolysis Method to Evaluate Hydrocarbon Generation, Expulsion, and Retention of Lacustrine Shale

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The key parameter of shale oil resource evaluation: Oil content

Cited by 43 publications

References 84 publications

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N2 Adsorption Experiment

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N2 Adsorption Experiment

Multi-Scale and Multi-Dimensional Imaging of Mineral Matrix Pore-Fracture Networks in Lower-Thermal-Maturity Lacustrine Shale: Examples from the Paleogene Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin

Application of the Grain-Based Rock-Eval Pyrolysis Method to Evaluate Hydrocarbon Generation, Expulsion, and Retention of Lacustrine Shale

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Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment

Occurrence Space and State of Petroleum in Lacustrine Shale: Insights from Two-Step Pyrolysis and the N₂ Adsorption Experiment