The key pre-pyrolysis in lignin-based activated carbon preparation for high performance supercapacitors

B, Yu; Chang, Zhenzhen; Wang, Chengyang

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2016.06.048

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For LK and AC, the Da nd Gmodes are located at Raman shifts of 1350 and 1593 cm À1 ,r espectively.T he Dmode indicates the presenceo fd isordered carbon, whereas the Gmode is related to sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms.T he degree of carbono rdering can be estimated by the relative intensity of the Da nd Gbands (I D /I G ). [22] The I D /I G values for LK and AC are almosti dentical ( % 0.90), which indicatest hat both materials have as imilar degree of ordering of the incompletely graphitic carbon structure. [40,41] Nitrogeng as sorptiona nalysis was performed to obtain the DFT specific surface areas (SSAs) and pore size distributions (PSDs) of LC, LK, and AC ( Table 2).…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Basic Electrochemical Characterization In Aqueous 1 M Naclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally,w ec alculated the energy required per NaCl ion removal (E KT )b yu sing Equation (22) (Table 3). The energy consumption [kJ g À1 ]w as also calculated by multiplying the Equation (22) by RT/M NaCl ,a nd the values are also provided in Ta ble 3. For ac ell potentialo f1 .0 V, the averages of E KT over 100 cycles are (44 AE 2) and (56 AE 3) kT for 1.1 Va nd (60 AE 2) kT for 1.2 V. The increasei nt he energy consumption per removed ion at higherc ell voltages shows that, in general, it is desirable to operate CDI at lower voltagesi ft he desalination capacity is sufficiently large.…”

Section: Basic Electrochemical Characterization In Aqueous 1 M Naclmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20] With the rise of biofuels, lignin hasb ecomea vailableo na ni ndustrial level in large production because it is ab yproduct of second-generation ethanol from the sugarcane bagasse. [21] Activated carbons derived from lignin have already been demonstrated to be attractive electrodes fors upercapacitors, [22,23] and hard carbon derivedf rom lignin hasb een shown as an effectivea node forl ithium-ion batteries. [24] Until now,l ignin-de-Lignin-derived carbon is introduced as ap romising electrode materialfor water desalination by using capacitive deionization (CDI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Charge and Potential Balancing for Optimized Capacitive Deionization Using Lignin‐Derived, Low‐Cost Activated Carbon Electrodes

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignin-derived carbon is introduced as a promising electrode material for water desalination by using capacitive deionization (CDI). Lignin is a low-cost precursor that is obtained from the cellulose and ethanol industries, and we used carbonization and subsequent KOH activation to obtain highly porous carbon. CDI cells with a pair of lignin-derived carbon electrodes presented an initially high salt adsorption capacity but rapidly lost their beneficial desalination performance. To capitalize on the high porosity of lignin-derived carbon and to stabilize the CDI performance, we then used asymmetric electrode configurations. By using electrodes of the same material but with different thicknesses, the desalination performance was stabilized through reduction of the potential at the positive electrode. To enhance the desalination capacity further, we used cell configurations with different materials for the positive and negative electrodes. The best performance was achieved by a cell with lignin-derived carbon as a negative electrode and commercial activated carbon as a positive electrode. Thereby, a maximum desalination capacity of 18.5 mg g was obtained with charge efficiency over 80 % and excellent performance retention over 100 cycles. The improvements were related to the difference in the potential of zero charge between the electrodes. Our work shows that an asymmetric cell configuration is a powerful tool to adapt otherwise inappropriate CDI electrode materials.

show abstract

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Basic Electrochemical Characterization In Aqueous 1 M Naclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic Electrochemical Characterization In Aqueous 1 M Naclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Charge and Potential Balancing for Optimized Capacitive Deionization Using Lignin‐Derived, Low‐Cost Activated Carbon Electrodes

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The energy density of the AH-Enz-py SC was 14 Wh kg À 1 and the maximum power density was 7000 W kg À 1 . These values are very high as compared to other reported SCs based on lignin biomass [36,50,51,52,53,54] and reflect thus the high surface area and more graphitized structure of AH-Enz-py.…”

Section: Applications Of Biochars Supercapacitorsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Biomass from an Elm Clone: Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin‐Derived Biochar for Energy and Environmental Applications

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Valorization of lignocellulosic feedstock from a Dutch elm disease tolerant Ulmus minor clone was studied as a new biomass resource. Herein, fermentable sugars and activated carbons from the side‐stream lignins were produced. For the sugar extraction organosolv and acid hydrolysis pretreatments prior to enzymatic hydrolysis were compared for the first time for this clone prior to enzymatic hydrolysis; organosolv was more efficient for delignification (49 %), while acid hydrolysis was more efficient at eliminating hemicelluloses (95 %). A high final glucose concentration of 22–23.5 g L−1 was obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis suggesting that this clone can be considered a potential source for glucose‐based biofuel production. The side‐stream lignins were converted to microporous biochars of high surface area (1220 m2 g−1) and micropore volume (0.42 cm3 g−1). These biochars exhibited excellent properties as electrodes in supercapacitors with a specific capacitance of 118 F g−1 and a high energy density of 14 Wh kg−1 at 7000 W kg−1, while they were also efficient adsorbents in water remediation of model contaminants.

show abstract

Design and Preparation of Lignin‐Based Hierarchical Porous Carbon Microspheres by High Efficient Activation for Electric Double Layer Capacitors

Zhang

et al. 2018

ChemElectroChem

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activated carbon materials are typically used for electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) electrodes due to their high specific surface area. However, designing the pore structure and improving the efficiency of activation have been required, as activated carbon materials often need to have a rapid charge/discharge rate performance and a high powder density. In this work, lignin‐based hierarchical porous carbon microspheres (HPCMs) were designed and prepared through inverse phase dehydration to shape spherical morphology. In addition, K2CO3 as a pH regulator is premixed with lignin, and subsequently acted as the mesopore template and activating agent to fulfil highly efficient activation. The mass ratio of K2CO3 to lignin was controlled below 0.75. By applying to supercapacitor devices, the current HPCMs exhibited a remarkable capacitance and rate performance of 140 F g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 in organic electrolyte. Moreover, the performance can even remain 100 F g−1 even at 10 A g−1. The current study therefore demonstrated that the premixing of activating agent greatly improves the efficiency of activation, as K2CO3 successfully reacts with lignin molecules and forms channels inside spheres. As a result, the inverse phase dehydration of lignin and K2CO3 provides a new approach for preparing electrode materials with suitable pore structure in high efficient activation, and to our knowledge, there is no report that can prepare activated carbon in such electrochemical performance with a mass ratio of activating agent to precursor lower than 1 by chemical activation.

show abstract

The key pre-pyrolysis in lignin-based activated carbon preparation for high performance supercapacitors

Cited by 38 publications

References 23 publications

Charge and Potential Balancing for Optimized Capacitive Deionization Using Lignin‐Derived, Low‐Cost Activated Carbon Electrodes

Charge and Potential Balancing for Optimized Capacitive Deionization Using Lignin‐Derived, Low‐Cost Activated Carbon Electrodes

Biorefinery of Lignocellulosic Biomass from an Elm Clone: Production of Fermentable Sugars and Lignin‐Derived Biochar for Energy and Environmental Applications

Design and Preparation of Lignin‐Based Hierarchical Porous Carbon Microspheres by High Efficient Activation for Electric Double Layer Capacitors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About