“…The most important biomarkers were almost aerobic, including bacteria for nitrifying or nitrosifying ( Rhodopseudomonas and Nitrosomonas ), aerobic organic matter degradation ( Acinetobacter , Cellulomonas , Luteolibacter ), , tolerance to oxidative stress ( Ramlibacter ), and Cu binding ( Psudomonas and Sphingomonas ), in regard to the bacterial community. The most important biomarkers responding to the control without the oxygen nanobubble amendment were strictly or facultatively anaerobic, including bacteria for N 2 fixation ( Azospira, Devosia , and Paenibacillus ), anaerobic organic matter degradation ( Lautropia , Terrisporobacter , Rhodopseudomonas and Muribaculaceae ), , sulfur oxidation ( Thiobacillus ), and methanogensis and denitrification ( Geobacter ) . The most important biomarkers responding to the ONBC treatment in the fungal community include organic matter mineralization ( Aspergillus , Botryotrichum , Thermomyces , and Mortierella ) − and Cu binding ( Acremonium , Pichia , Sakaguchia , and Penicillium ). − The most important biomarkers responding to the control without the oxygen nanobubble amendment include beneficial endophytes ( Porostereum , Serendipita , and Schizothecium ), phytopathogens ( Myrmecridium , Mycosphaerella , and Stemphylium ), , and biocontrol against phytopathogens ( Fusicolla and Periconia ). , The different microbial biomarkers between the ONBC treatments and control implied that the fungi and aerobic bacteria that are beneficial for Cu binding and organic matter mineralization contributed more in response to the ONBC treatments, which could further affect Cu sequestration and nutrients availability in soil.…”