Mesoporous materials represent a
useful alternative for exploiting
the effects of confinement on molecular trapping and catalysis. Their
efficiency often depends on the interactions between the surface and
the targeted molecules. One way to enhance these interactions is to
adjust the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the surface. In the
case of mesoporous silica, the incorporation of organic groups is
an efficient solution to adapt the material for specific applications.
In this work, we have used the co-condensation method to control the
hydrophobicity of mesoporous organosilica. The obtained materials
are methyl- or phenyl-containing silica with a pore size between 3
and 5 nm. The surface chemistry control has shown the enhanced performance
of the materials in two proof-of-concept (PoC) applications: lysozyme
adsorption and supported catalysis. The lysozyme adsorption is observed
to be over 3 times more efficient with the phenyl-functionalized material
than MCM-41, due to π–π interactions. For the catalysis,
copper(II) was immobilized on the organosilica surface. In this case,
the presence of methyl groups significantly enhanced the product yield
for the catalyzed synthesis of a triazole derivative; this was attributed
to the enhanced hydrophobic surface–reactant interactions.
It was also found that the materials have a higher water adsorption
capacity and an improved resistance to hydrolysis. The modulation
of water properties in confinement with hydrophobic surfaces, consistently
with the water as tuneable solvent (WaTuSo) concept, is a crucial
aspect in the efficiency of mesoporous materials for dedicated applications.