The khapra beetle,<i>Trogoderma granarium</i>Everts

Lindgren, D. L.; Vincent, L. E.; Krohne, H. E.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v24n01p001

Cited by 69 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The one characteristic that these conditions have in common, which is in contrast to short daylength photoperiod, is that growth of the larvae is seriously impeded and they become quiescent. Stored‐products beetles of the genus Trogoderma have been found to experience growth arrest when exposed to the cold, suboptimal humidity (high or low) [20], or starvation [21] but as mentioned above, not photoperiod [19]. Therefore, we propose that it is the onset of quiescence which triggers THP production in T. molitor , and that THPs have no direct role in desiccation or starvation tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Developmental and environmental regulation of antifreeze proteins in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor

Graham¹,

Walker

Davies

2000

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, contains a family of small Cys-rich and Thr-rich thermal hysteresis proteins that depress the hemolymph freezing point below the melting point by as much as 5.5 8C (DT thermal hysteresis). Thermal hysteresis protein expression was evaluated throughout development and after exposure to altered environmental conditions. Under favorable growth conditions, small larvae (11±13 mg) had only low levels of thermal hysteresis proteins or thermal hysteresis protein message, but these levels increased 10-fold and 18-fold, respectively, by the final larval instar (. 190 mg), resulting in thermal hysteresis . 3 8C. Exposure of small larvae (11±13 mg) to 4 weeks of cold (4 8C) caused an < 20-fold increase in thermal hysteresis protein concentration, well in excess of the less than threefold developmental increase seen after 4 weeks at 22 8C. Exposure of large larvae (100±120 mg) to cold caused 12-fold and sixfold increases in thermal hysteresis protein message and protein levels, respectively, approximately double the maximum levels they would have attained in the final larval instar at 22 8C. Thus, thermal hysteresis increased to similar levels (. 4 8C) in the cold, irrespective of the size of the larvae (the overwintering stage). At pupation, thermal hysteresis protein message levels decreased . 20-fold and remained low thereafter, but thermal hysteresis activity decreased much more slowly. Exposure to cold did not reverse this decline. Desiccation or starvation of larvae had comparable effects to cold exposure, but surprisingly, short daylength photoperiod or total darkness had no effect on either thermal hysteresis or message levels. As all environmental conditions that caused increased thermal hysteresis also inhibited growth, we postulate that developmental arrest is a primary factor in the regulation of T. molitor thermal hysteresis proteins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…As well, the response of stored‐products pests to photoperiod is variable [18]. For some, short daylength photoperiod induces developmental arrest while others, such as the dermestid khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium , are insensitive to photoperiod [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental and environmental regulation of antifreeze proteins in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor

Graham¹,

Walker

Davies

2000

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…Table 3. Mean mortality (% ± SE) of Trogoderma granarium larvae on concrete treated with α-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, pyriproxyfen, and s-methoprene, and on untreated concrete (control) after 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13, and 14 days with or without food. Within each column, means followed by the same uppercase letter are not significantly different (in all cases DF = 13, 125, except in the cases of pirimiphos-methyl with food DF = 13, 111 and α-cypermethrin without food DF = 13, 55, Tukey-Kramer HSD test at 0.05).…”

Section: Larval Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It affects the quality and quantity of various stored products causing losses [6,7], but can also be dangerous to public health by contaminating foodstuffs with body parts [8,9]. This species is able to feed upon a wide spectrum of commodities of plant and animal origin; however, it shows greater preference towards grains and starch products [6,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Recently, Kavallieratos et al [18] showed that T. granarium rapidly reproduces on animal products, herbs, nuts, and pulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Six Insecticides on Egg Hatching and Larval Mortality of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Boukouvala

Kavallieratos

2020

Insects

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The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is one of the most destructive insect species of stored food worldwide and is subjected to strict phytosanitary legislations. In the present study, we evaluated the egg hatching and larval mortality of T. granarium on concrete surfaces treated with six insecticides (i.e., α-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, pyriproxyfen, and s-methoprene) that are registered in Greece for surface treatment and exhibit a broad spectrum of different modes of action. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of the presence of food on egg hatching and larval mortality. Egg hatchability on treated concrete was higher in tests with the presence of food for all tested insecticides, with the exception of s-methoprene. In contrast, larval mortality was lower in treatments where there was nourishment for all insecticides. No egg hatching was recorded on concrete treated with pirimiphos-methyl where there was no food, while with the addition of food, the egg hatching did not exceeded 26.7% after 6 days of exposure. The highest percentage of hatched eggs was recorded on concrete treated with chlorfenapyr (87.7% with food vs. 76.7% without food), followed by deltamethrin (76.7% with food vs. 63.3% without food), pyriproxyfen (50.0% with food vs. 42.2% without food), and α-cypermethrin (28.9% with food vs. 6.7% without food). In the case of s-methoprene, more eggs were hatched in the absence of food (91.1%) in contrast to in the presence of food (86.7%). Regarding mortality, all larvae were dead after 5 days of exposure on pirimiphos-methyl-treated concrete with food. Furthermore, larvae died faster in treatments without food. For α-cypermethrin, 100% mortality was recorded after 4 days of exposure, while with presence of food, all larvae died after 6 days. Chlorfenapyr caused complete mortality of larvae after 5 days of exposure on concrete without food and after 8 days with food. In the case of deltamethrin, 100% mortality was recorded after 7 days in the absence of food and 8 days in the presence of food. Regarding pyriproxyfen, complete mortality was not recorded when food was present, reaching 94.1% 14 days postexposure. However, after 12 days, all larvae died in treatments without food. Although egg hatching was higher in the case of s-methoprene on concrete without food, larval mortality was 100% after 8 days of exposure. Nevertheless, when there was food, 87.3% of the exposed larvae died after 13 days. Therefore, it becomes evident that sanitation of storage facilities before the application of contact insecticides is a key factor for the successful control of T. granarium in the egg stage.

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“…For more general information on T. granarium , see the EPPO PQR database (EPPO, ) as well as Hinton (), Lindgren et al . (), Varshalovich (), Bousquet () Kingsolver (), EPPO/CABI (), Pasek (), OIRSA (), PaDIL () and CABI ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM 7/13 (2) Trogoderma granarium

2013

EPPO Bulletin

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Specific scope This standard describes a diagnostic protocol for Trogoderma granarium. Specific approval and amendment First approved in Approved in 2001–09. Revised in 2013–09. This revision was prepared on the basis of the IPPC Diagnostic Protocol adopted in 2012 (Appendix 3 to ISPM 27). Although this EPPO Diagnostic Standard differs in terms of format it is fully consistent with the content of the IPPC Standard.

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The khapra beetle,Trogoderma granariumEverts

Cited by 69 publications

References 19 publications

Developmental and environmental regulation of antifreeze proteins in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor

Developmental and environmental regulation of antifreeze proteins in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio molitor

Effect of Six Insecticides on Egg Hatching and Larval Mortality of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

PM 7/13 (2) Trogoderma granarium

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