The kinetochore of the Lepidoptera. I. Chromosomal features and behavior in mitotic and meiotic-I cells.

Maeki, Kodo

doi:10.2183/pjab.56.152

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Haploid complements in this genus range from 2 to 96 (Cook, 2000). It is probably no coincidence that Agrodiaetus (Lepidoptera) and Apiomorpha (Hemiptera) both belong to insect orders that have holocentric chromosomes (Hughes-Schrader and Schrader, 1961;Kuznetsova, 1979;Maeki 1980aMaeki , 1980bWolf et al, 1997). Centromeric activity of holocentric chromosomes is not localized to a single site but is spread throughout the chromosome.…”

Section: Karyotypic Diversification and Speciation In Agrodiaetusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Agrodiaetus Hübner 1822 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Inferred from mtDNA Sequences of COI and COII and Nuclear Sequences of EF1-α: Karyotype Diversification and Species Radiation

et al. 2004

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Butterflies in the large Palearctic genus Agrodiaetus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) are extremely uniform and exhibit few distinguishing morphological characters. However, these insects are distinctive in one respect: as a group they possess among the greatest interspecific karyotype diversity in the animal kingdom, with chromosome numbers (n) ranging from 10 to 125. The monophyly of Agrodiaetus and its systematic position relative to other groups within the section Polyommatus have been controversial. Characters from the mitochondrial genes for cytochrome oxidases I and II and from the nuclear gene for elongation factor 1 alpha were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of Agrodiaetus using maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic methods. Ninety-one individuals, encompassing most of the taxonomic diversity of Agrodiaetus, and representatives of 14 related genera were included in this analysis. Our data indicate that Agrodiaetus is monophyletic. Representatives of the genus Polyommatus (sensu stricto) are the closest relatives. The sequences of the Agrodiaetus taxa in this analysis are tentatively arranged into 12 clades, only 1 of which corresponds to a species group traditionally recognized in Agrodiaetus. Heterogeneous substitution rates across a recovered topology were homogenized with a nonparametric rate-smoothing algorithm before the application of a molecular clock. Two published estimates of substitution rates dated the origin of Agrodiaetus between 2.51 and 3.85 million years ago. During this time, there was heterogeneity in the rate and direction of karyotype evolution among lineages within the genus. Karyotype instability has evolved independently three times in the section Polyommatus, within the lineages Agrodiaetus, Lysandra, and Plebicula. Rapid karyotype diversification may have played a significant role in the radiation of the genus Agrodiaetus.

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Section: Karyotypic Diversification and Speciation In Agrodiaetusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny of Agrodiaetus Hübner 1822 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Inferred from mtDNA Sequences of COI and COII and Nuclear Sequences of EF1-α: Karyotype Diversification and Species Radiation

et al. 2004

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“…Nevertheless, the distinction between butterflies and moths remains practical. Both butterflies and moths are classically considered to have holokinetic chromosomes [Suomalainen, 1969;Murakami and Imai, 1974;Maeki, 1980aMaeki, , b, 1981. The haploid genome of Lepidoptera, with a mean C-value of 0.66 ± 0.04 pg DNA, is one of the smallest ones amongst insects, and amongst Lepidoptera, the mean size of the butterfly genome (0.4 pg) is almost half that of the moth genome (0.7 pg) [calculated from Gregory and Herbert, 2003;Gregory, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Basic Cytogenetics Challenges Holocentricity of Butterfly Chromosomes

Dutrillaux

McClure

et al. 2022

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Mitotic chromosomes of butterflies, which look like dots or short filaments in most published data, are generally considered to lack localised centromeres and thus to be holokinetic. This particularity, observed in a number of other invertebrates, is associated with meiotic particularities known as “inverted meiosis,” in which the first division is equational, i.e., centromere splitting-up and segregation of sister chromatids instead of homologous chromosomes. However, the accurate analysis of butterfly chromosomes is difficult because (1) their size is very small, equivalent to 2 bands of a mammalian metaphase chromosome, and (2) they lack satellite DNA/heterochromatin in putative centromere regions and therefore marked primary constrictions. Our improved conditions for basic chromosome preparations, here applied to 6 butterfly species belonging to families Nymphalidae and Pieridae challenges the holocentricity of their chromosomes: in spite of the absence of primary constrictions, sister chromatids are recurrently held together at definite positions during mitotic metaphase, which makes possible to establish karyotypes composed of acrocentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The total number of chromosomes per karyotype is roughly inversely proportional to that of non-acrocentric chromosomes, which suggests the occurrence of frequent robertsonian-like fusions or fissions during evolution. Furthermore, the behaviour and morphological changes of chromosomes along the various phases of meiosis do not seem to differ much from those of canonical meiosis. In particular, at metaphase II chromosomes clearly have 2 sister chromatids, which refutes that anaphase I was equational. Thus, we propose an alternative mechanism to holocentricity for explaining the large variations in chromosome numbers in butterflies: (1) in the ancestral karyotype, composed of about 62 mostly acrocentric chromosomes, the centromeres, devoid of centromeric heterochromatin/satellite DNA, were located at contact with telomeric heterochromatin; (2) the instability of telomeric heterochromatin largely contributed to drive the multiple rearrangements, principally chromosome fusions, which occurred during butterfly evolution.

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The Meiotic Prophase in Bombyx mori

Rasmussen¹,

Holm²

1982

Insect Ultrastructure

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The kinetochore of the Lepidoptera. I. Chromosomal features and behavior in mitotic and meiotic-I cells.

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Phylogeny of Agrodiaetus Hübner 1822 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Inferred from mtDNA Sequences of COI and COII and Nuclear Sequences of EF1-α: Karyotype Diversification and Species Radiation

Phylogeny of Agrodiaetus Hübner 1822 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) Inferred from mtDNA Sequences of COI and COII and Nuclear Sequences of EF1-α: Karyotype Diversification and Species Radiation

Improved Basic Cytogenetics Challenges Holocentricity of Butterfly Chromosomes

The Meiotic Prophase in Bombyx mori

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