The knee in the Galactic cosmic ray spectrum and variety in Supernovae

Свешникова, Л.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030909

Cited by 98 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Taking the experimental values from experiments measuring particle distributions at ground level [1] and results from experiments observing the average depth of the shower maximum according to an interpretation with a modification of QGSJET (model 3a in [17]), the aver- [18], Kobayakawa et al [20], Stanev et al [19], and Sveshnikova [21]. Upper right panel: Source and acceleration related models by Erlykin and Wolfendale [22], Plaga [24], as well as Völk and Zirakashvili [23].…”

Section: Experimental Results and The Poly-gonato Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these theories the knee does not exist in the primary energy spectrum, but is only an effect of observing extensive air showers in the atmosphere: 1) Models in the first category relate the knee to the acceleration process. The standard approach of particle acceleration in shock fronts from supernova explosions and several extensions are discussed in the models by Berezhko and Ksenofontov [18], Stanev et al [19], Kobayakawa et al [20], and Sveshnikova [21]. The maximum energy attained is taken to be responsible for the knee.…”

Section: Theoretical Models For the Kneementioning

confidence: 99%

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Models of the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

Hörandel

2004

Astroparticle Physics

117

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The origin of the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays is an outstanding problem in astroparticle physics. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed to explain the structure in the all-particle spectrum. In the article basic ideas of several models are summarized, including diffusive acceleration of cosmic rays in shock fronts, acceleration via cannonballs, leakage from the Galaxy, interactions with background particles in the interstellar medium, as well as new high-energy interactions in the atmosphere. The calculated energy spectra and mean logarithmic masses are compiled and compared to results from direct and indirect measurements.

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Section: Experimental Results and The Poly-gonato Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Models For the Kneementioning

confidence: 99%

Models of the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

Hörandel

2004

Astroparticle Physics

117

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“…Thanks to their high gas densities, f pp can be quite high and the observed neutrino flux level can be well explained as long as CRs can be accelerated above 100 PeV energies [28,29,23,14,30]. However, ordinary supernova remnants are not able to accelerate CRs up to this energy, so a lot of speculations have recently been made, including supermassive black hole activities [14], galaxy mergers [31], super bubbles, interaction-powered supernovae [32], hypernovae [33,34,23,35], transrelativistic supernovae and GRBs [36,37,38,39,40]. But it is highly unclear whether different populations lead to a smooth power-law spectrum and why the energy budget of rare transients is almost comparable to that of ordinary supernovae [23].…”

Section: Extragalactic Astrophysical Sources Hadronuclear Production mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the origin of high-energy cosmic neutrinos

Murase¹

2015

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Recently, the IceCube collaboration made a big announcement of the first discovery of high-energy cosmic neutrinos. Their origin is a new interesting mystery in astroparticle physics, but the present data may give us hints of connection to cosmic-ray and/or gamma-ray sources. We will look over possible scenarios for the cosmic neutrino signal, and emphasize the importance of multimessenger approaches in order to identify the PeV neutrino sources and get crucial clues to the cosmic-ray origin. We also discuss some possibilities to study neutrino properties and probe new physics.

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“…In a more general way this idea was considered in [61]. In this work an approximate relation between E max and a SN total energy output E is obtained as log E max % 0:52 log E 51 þ 2:1 TeV for the protons, where E 51 is the total energy output in units 10 51 erg.…”

Section: Beyond the Sm: New Component Of The Galactic Cosmic Rays?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays

Aloisio

Berezinsky

Gazizov

2012

Astroparticle Physics

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a b s t r a c tThe study of the transition between galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays can shed more light on the end of the galactic cosmic rays spectrum and the beginning of the extragalactic one. Three models of transition are discussed: ankle, dip and mixed composition models. All these models describe the transition as an intersection of a steep galactic component with a flat extragalactic one. Severe bounds on these models are provided by the Standard Model of galactic cosmic rays according to which the maximum acceleration energy for Iron nuclei is of the order of E max Fe % 1 Â 10 17 eV. In the ankle model the transition is assumed at the ankle, a flat feature in the all particle spectrum which observationally starts at energy E a $ ð3 À 4Þ Â 10 18 eV. This model needs a new high energy galactic component with maximum energy about two orders of magnitude above that of the Standard Model. The origin of such component is discussed. As observations are concerned there are two signatures of the transition: change of energy spectra and mass composition. In all models a heavy galactic component is changed at the transition to a lighter or proton component. As a result the ankle model predicts a galactic Iron component at E < 5 Â 10 18 eV, while both HiRes and Auger data show that at ð2 À 5Þ Â 10 18 eV primaries are protons, or at least light nuclei. In the dip model the transition occurs at the second knee observed at energy ð4 À 7Þ Â 10 17 eV and is characterized by a sharp change of mass composition from galactic Iron to extragalactic protons. The ankle in this model appears automatically as a part of the e þ e À pair-production dip. The mixed composition model describes transition at E $ 3 Â 10 18 eV with mass composition changing from the galactic Iron to extragalactic mixed composition of different nuclei. In most mixed composition models the spectrum is proton-dominated and it better fits HiRes than Auger data. The latter show a steadily heavier mass composition with increasing energy, and we discuss the models which explain it.

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The knee in the Galactic cosmic ray spectrum and variety in Supernovae

Cited by 98 publications

References 33 publications

Models of the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

Models of the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic rays

On the origin of high-energy cosmic neutrinos

Transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays

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