The “Knowledge City” and the “Experience City”: the Main, Mediating, and Moderating Effects of Education on Income and Economic Inequality

Russ, Meir; Bansal, Gaurav; Parrillo, Adam John

doi:10.1007/s13132-015-0278-z

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In principle, smart cities often create conditions for greater inclusivity and inequality reduction [15]. That said, access to higher education in the US remains highly disproportionate, especially for various racial groups [16,17].…”

Section: Economic Sustainability and Its Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Economic Sustainability of Two Selected Urban Centers—A Focus on Amherst and Braintree, MA, USA

Alov,

Petrović,

Belyaeva

2024

Sustainability

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While the topic of sustainable development has been extensively explored, there is a lack of quantitative assessment of economic sustainability in the scientific literature; moreover, the term is often interpreted with excessive attention to the environment but not socio-economic inequality. In addition, university cities are often considered the most sustainable, although the higher education system in the United States is often criticized for the inequality of access to it among different racial and other groups of the population. This paper adds to the debate about how the concepts of sustainability and economic development relate. Many researchers have noted that they come into conflict with each other because their ultimate goals are fundamentally different: a voluntary limitation of production and consumption in the interests of future generations and, conversely, the pursuit of well-being during our lives. We would like to explore the issue of economic sustainability, which, at first glance, may become a compromise between the two approaches outlined above. So, our study is devoted to exploring the ambiguous concept of economic sustainability, which can add some new knowledge to the understanding of how social, economic, and ecological factors relate to each other in the broader framework of sustainability. For this objective, we analyzed the economic sustainability of the town of Amherst, MA. The city’s top employer and core enterprise is the University of Massachusetts Amherst, with over 32,000 students and almost 2000 staff members. Based on a literature review, a hypothesis was put forward that a university city should have a high level of economic sustainability. To assess economic sustainability, the original methodology based on the US Cities Economic Sustainability Index (USCESI) was developed. It evaluates sustainability in three groups of parameters: society, economy, and ecology. The first group includes the level of racial diversity, the level of education of the population, and the access to medical services. The second group consists of the Gini coefficient by income level, the median cost of housing, and the unemployment rate. The environmental situation is assessed according to the Air Quality Index developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. For comparison, the town of Braintree, MA, was chosen. As a result of the study, the USCESI was calculated for both locations. The analysis showed that both Amherst and Braintree have a high degree of economic sustainability. However, it was revealed that proximity to a significant economic center has a more powerful positive impact on economic sustainability than the location of a large university. In our paper, we proposed a new methodology for measuring economic sustainability with a special focus on inequality as a major problem in American society. The findings provide new knowledge about university cities and debunk the myth that they represent an exception to the general logic of urban development in the United States. A similar approach, with clarification of statistical indicators and a different emphasis, can be applied to other countries where inequality may be the main threat to economic sustainability, not in terms of access to higher education but in other areas.

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Section: Economic Sustainability and Its Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Economic Sustainability of Two Selected Urban Centers—A Focus on Amherst and Braintree, MA, USA

Alov,

Petrović,

Belyaeva

2024

Sustainability

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“…Recent analyses carried out by leading consulting companies confirm the trend toward an Urban World, as cities’ contributions to the economy and global society – in terms of wealth creation and population concentration – have grown in the last thirty years. In other terms, the world is characterized by a level of urban development unprecedented in human history, considering that since 2008, the majority of the world’s population live in urban areas (Russ et al , 2017).…”

Section: Literature: Cities and Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurship and the cities in a knowledge-based perspective: evidences from EU

Penco

Ivaldi

Bruzzi

et al. 2019

EMJB

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the following research questions: Is the knowledge of a city environment a stimulus for entrepreneurship? Which knowledge profiles of cities are more propulsive in order to stimulate entrepreneurship? Design/methodology/approach In order to answer the aforementioned research questions, two multidimensional indexes have been created: Knowledge-Based City Developing Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship (ENT). The sample includes all capital cities in the EU28. The presence of cities from EU28 countries is important to foster the entrepreneurial attitude in each European Country. The authors have also included 32 non-capital cities in the EU that are important hubs, contributing to a sample formed of 60 cities. Findings The empirical results show that the social and cultural environment may significantly improve the entrepreneurship in EU cities, more than others factors that are usually connected to economic development. Originality/value The work tries to contribute to the debate on urban economic development and entrepreneurship, providing implication for academics and urban policy makers.

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“…Independently of the assumed approach and key concepts, the cause-effect relationships between education on all levels (including higher education) and the sustainable development of cities are rather typically highlighted (see for example Badea and Angheluta, 2018). Taking this into account, it seems reasonable to perceive education on all levels (including higher education) as a single development factor (see Russ, Bansal, and Parrillo, 2015).…”

Section: Education-based Potential For Cities' Development -Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of cities in Poland – the role of education

Orankiewicz¹,

Turała²

2019

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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The discussion presented in this paper originates from the identification of three development potentials of cities: innovation-based, culture-based and education-based. The paper tackles the problem of determining the importance of primary, secondary and higher education for the development of cities. The main objective of the paper is to create a method for the measurement of education-based potential for development in Polish urban communes. To that end, five development factors encompassing 12 diagnostic variables were identified and a City Education Potential (CEP) index was constructed and its values calculated for 303 urban communes in Poland between 2013 and 2016. The CEP index was then used to:(1) prepare city rankings, (2) identify differences between small, medium-sized and large cities as well as (3) determine the significance of each diagnostic variable in each of the analysed size categories. The last part of the article also highlights the differences between regions in terms of the education-based potential of urban communes.

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The “Knowledge City” and the “Experience City”: the Main, Mediating, and Moderating Effects of Education on Income and Economic Inequality

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Evaluating the Economic Sustainability of Two Selected Urban Centers—A Focus on Amherst and Braintree, MA, USA

Evaluating the Economic Sustainability of Two Selected Urban Centers—A Focus on Amherst and Braintree, MA, USA

Entrepreneurship and the cities in a knowledge-based perspective: evidences from EU

The development of cities in Poland – the role of education

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