The use of computer-mediated communication (CMC) as an integral part of the design of distance taught courses raises interesting challenges to our thinking about
Where the learning group itself is a resource for study and personal development, it also becomes feasible to orientate courses and programmes towards local teams and communities. Online tutors play a key role and need to develop 'the technology of conversation' and expertise in the design of activities, as part of their facilitator role.
Posing the QuestionOpen and distance learning (ODL) is characterised by a more diverse range of practices than ever before. Some of the traditional print and correspondence models are still viable and in use, while we have also developed the most advanced online environments to complement the more interactive technologies of CD-ROM and the Web. ODL feels like a radically different experience for those practitioners who can look back from the most advanced technologies of today, to review what we were doing 20 or so years ago (Cochrane, 2000).The purpose of this article however is to review the implications for how we conceptualise learner support of online-intensive and interactive forms of learning and teaching. The focus therefore is on courses where students have electronic access to resources and where they are expected to be in regular contact online with their peers and tutor(s). The key feature will be that they work in a virtual learning environment, which begins and ends with online interaction. Collaborative forms of learning where these are achieved provide a particularly demanding context for both tutors and learners and one which challenges our conventional models of learner support.In a context such as this, the substance and meaning of online activities is determined by the particular students who work together online. Their tutor may play a very direct role also, helping shape these interactions, sometimes designing