The Korean American Woman's Nose

Abstract

To assess the differences in nasal anthropometric measurements between Korean American women and North American white women and to perform an in-depth nasal index calculation. Methods: This anthropometric survey included a volunteer sample of Korean American women (n = 72) aged 18 to 35 years with Korean parents and no previous nasal surgery or trauma to the nose. Standardized and referenced frontal, lateral, and basal photographs of the nose were taken of the subjects and 22 standard anthropometric measurements of the nose were determined. Results were compared with published standards for North American white women. In addition, 18 nasal indices were calculated and compared with the published standards for North American white women. Results: The Korean American woman's nose did not fit the neoclassic facial canons. Compared with North American white women, 20 of 22 nasal measurements in Korean American women were found to be significantly different. Nasal indices also revealed significant differences in 16 of the 18 that were calculated. The Korean American woman's nose exhibits less rotation, has a flatter dorsum, and is more flared at the alae, with less definition of the nasal tip. Conclusions: The average Korean American and North American white female nasal anthropometric measurements are very different. As cosmetic surgery becomes more popular among Asian Americans, our findings bolster the need for a broader view of facial analysis and transcultural aesthetics.

Morphometric analysis of nasal shapes and angles in young adults

“…The mean result of the nasofrontal angle in the present study for females (133.16°) was smaller than Indian American 2 (138.20°), North American White 2 (134.30°), Korean American 12 (136.80°), Chinese 13 (Han) (144.04°), Croatian 19 (139.11°), and Chinese 20 females (139.09°). The Turkish female mean nasal tip angle value (77.91°) was greater than North American White 2 (67.40°), and smaller than Korean American 12 (78.50°), Chinese (Han) 13 (96.16°), Croatian 19 (84.12°), and Chinese 20 females (83.87°).…”

“…The mean result of the nasofrontal angle in the present study for females (133.16°) was smaller than Indian American 2 (138.20°), North American White 2 (134.30°), Korean American 12 (136.80°), Chinese 13 (Han) (144.04°), Croatian 19 (139.11°), and Chinese 20 females (139.09°). The Turkish female mean nasal tip angle value (77.91°) was greater than North American White 2 (67.40°), and smaller than Korean American 12 (78.50°), Chinese (Han) 13 (96.16°), Croatian 19 (84.12°), and Chinese 20 females (83.87°). The mean result of Turkish female nasolabial angle (98.91°) was narrower than North American White 2 (104.20°), Korean 10 (103.43°), Japanese 10 (99.87°), Chinese 10 (113.51°), Western 10 (106.52°), Chinese 13 (Han) (103.42°), and Croatian 19 females (109.39°); and wider than Indian American 2 (97.20°), Korean American 12 (92.10°), and Chinese 20 females (97.71°).…”

“…In the present study, the following parameters were measured and noted: nasofrontal angle; glabella–nasion–pronasale (g–n–prn), nasal tip angle; nasion–pronasale–subnasale (n–prn–sn), nasolabial angle; pronasale–subnasale–labiale superius (prn–sn–ls) and alar slope angle; alare–pronasale–alare (al–prn–al), width of the nose; alare–alare (al–al), total nose length; and nasion–subnasale (n–sn). 5 , 12 These are shown in Fig. 1 A and B.…”

“…Glabella (g), the mid-point between the eyebrows. Labiale superius, the midpoint of the upper vermilion line, and the alare (al), the point where the nasal blade (ala nasi) extends farthest, 12 are shown in Fig. 1 A and B.…”

Medidas antropométricas orofaciais em recém-nascidos a termo

“…Regarding orofacial measurements and proportions, the study of different populations has been justified by the great variability, according to age, geographic, sex (3) and race (1,9,14,23) , focusing on the adolescent population (2) and adult (3,23,24) . Specifically in Brazil, there are studies in different groups, such as: healthy children (1) ; children (15) and adults (25) with mouth breathing syndrome; Japanese-Brazilian population (14) ; young people from the state of Rio de Janeiro (2) ; and children with malnutrition (18) .…”