The Kurds in Iran: balancing national and ethnic identity in a securitised environment

Akbarzadeh, Shahram; Ahmed, Zahid Shahab; Laoutides, Constantinos; Gourlay, William

doi:10.1080/01436597.2019.1592671

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…All of the KRI's neighbors, Iran, Turkey, Syria, and Iraq, are concerned about their security and are engaged in military confrontations with their adversaries near the KRI's borders [ 71 , 72 ]. Syria fights many rebel groups [ 73 ] and Iraq fights remnants of ISIS [ 74 ]. This state of affairs has a considerable impact on the decision-making in KRI regarding what problems constitute security threats and what issues should be given the highest attention.…”

Section: Problem Methodology and Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Securitization Concept and Its Application to Environmental Problems in the Kurdistan Region: Prospects and Obstacles

Abdulrahman

Evcan

2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Environmental pollution has caused a wide range of problems across the globe. Various studies have focused on worldwide water and environmental issues and their effects on human health and political and social aspects. This article, on the other hand, discusses soil, water, and air pollution as well as the overuse of water resources. This study then discusses these problems as a security issue in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) context. This research adopts a qualitative approach. It reviews the results of previous studies on soil, water, and air pollution in KRI to demonstrate the causes and scale of the problem. It then explores securitization by looking at the main components of the concept and how they can be applied and what needs to be adjusted. Results of the study have shown that pollution is widespread, water is overexploited, and there is a lack of an effective response by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). In addition, in the KRI context, securitization is state-centered, meaning that the country’s decision-makers play an important role in securitizing issues. The Kurdistan Regional Government, that is, the securitizing actor, should do more on the speech act, and this should be preceded by substantial political, economic, and psychological changes. Finally, the government must also enforce strict water control to support its water policies.

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Section: Problem Methodology and Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[Retracted] Securitization Concept and Its Application to Environmental Problems in the Kurdistan Region: Prospects and Obstacles

Abdulrahman

Evcan

2022

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…The Islamic regime 3 provided no space for any ethnic political activity and the Islamic revolution came to be founded on the superiority of a Persian/Shiite identity (Elling & Saleh, 2016). Since the establishment of the Islamic Republic, Kurdish demand have generally consisted of appeals for decentralization and democratization, without serious development of separatist inclinations (Akbarzadeh et al., 2019; Entessar, 2014). Under the Islamic Republic, their rights are curtailed, due to not only their potential to create socio‐political tensions but also the challenges they pose to national unity because of their Kurdish identity and belief in Sunni Islam 4 in a country whose official religion is Twelver Ja'afari Shia Islam (Akbarzadeh et al., 2019; Beck, 2014).…”

Section: Research Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

We are both women and Kurd: An intersectional analysis of female Kolbars challenges in Iranian Kurdistan amid the COVID crisis

AleAhmad

2023

Gender Work & Organization

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This study uses an intersectional lens to explore the embodied experiences of Kurdish female porters (porters are called Kolbars in the Kurdish language) in Iranian Kurdistan and how their lives and employment have been impacted by the COVID‐19 crisis by drawing on one semi‐structured interview with a female Kolbar living in a rural area of Kurdistan Province. The findings demonstrate that female Kolbars are victims of intersected factors such as gender, ethnicity, solid patriarchal culture in the region and country, the unequal distribution of resources and wealth throughout the country, and economic sanctions and recessions in the state. They resist these various sources of oppression by risking their lives and carrying loads across mountainous borders, staying silent and committing suicide when they have no other options. This study contributes to the feminist intersectionality debate by rendering the intersectional embodied aspects of a marginalized, unfranchised, and under‐studied population of women in one of the most gender‐inequitable countries in the world. Furthermore, it adds to the broader literature on gender inequalities that lie outside of typical organisations and the Western context.

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“…Additionally, thousands of Kurds who had been living near Syrian borders were forcefully displaced to make room for Arabs (Allsopp & Van Wilgenburg, 2019). In Iran, Kurds are allowed to keep their group identification but only to a limited extent and they have no political rights (Akbarzadeh et al, 2019). Even though Iraq was the place of Saddam Hussein’s extermination policy toward Kurds (Black, 1993; Voller, 2017), nowadays a part of this state, the Region of Kurdistan, has the most extensive provisions of rights for Kurds (as compared to the other three countries).…”

Section: The Impact Of Tragic In-group Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Group identification attenuates the effect of historical trauma on mental health: A study of Iraqi Kurds.

Skrodzka

Sosnowski²,

Bilewicz

et al. 2021

American Journal of Orthopsychiatry

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Kurds have a long history of victimization and struggle for even the most basic rights. This is reflected in a widely shared belief, according to which they have "no friends but the mountains." Such difficult history may have ongoing negative impact on mental health of present-day Kurds. This article investigates the relations between cognitive availability of historical trauma, historical trauma symptoms, and negative mental healthoutcomes in asample of young Kurds who live inthe Region of Kurdistan in Iraq. We also examined the potential protective role of strong identification as members of a national minority (Iraqi Kurds) and as members of an ethnic group (Kurdish people in general). The results showed that tragic group history is significantly related to negative mental health outcomes among young Iraqi Kurds. However, strong identification with other Iraqi Kurds (but not with Kurds in general) had an attenuating effect on the link between historical trauma and present-day negative mental health outcomes.

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The Kurds in Iran: balancing national and ethnic identity in a securitised environment

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

[Retracted] Securitization Concept and Its Application to Environmental Problems in the Kurdistan Region: Prospects and Obstacles

[Retracted] Securitization Concept and Its Application to Environmental Problems in the Kurdistan Region: Prospects and Obstacles

We are both women and Kurd: An intersectional analysis of female Kolbars challenges in Iranian Kurdistan amid the COVID crisis

Group identification attenuates the effect of historical trauma on mental health: A study of Iraqi Kurds.

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