The laboratory assessment of enamel erosion: a review

Barbour, Michele E; Rees, Jeremy

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2004.05.001

“…28 In this study, we decided to perform enamel microhardness measurements because they are the most useful method to assess enamel softening. 29 In addition, this quantitative method is simple, inexpensive, and easily applied, 30 and consists in measuring the resistance of a substrate to indentation, which can involve Vickers (tetra-pyramidal) or Knoop (rhomboid) measures. 28 Knoop microhardness was chosen in this experiment because it is considered more sensitive to changes in the surface layer of an erosive lesion 27 than other microhardness tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of foods and drinks on primary tooth enamel after erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid

Mesquita-Guimarães

¹

,

Scatena

²

,

Borsatto

³

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of industrialised foods and drinks on primary tooth enamel previously eroded with hydrochloric acid (HCl). The crowns of one hundred two specimens were subjected to an erosive challenge with HCl and randomly divided into six groups (n = 17): Chocolate Milk (Toddynho ® -Pepsico) -negative control; Petit Suisse Yogurt (Danoninho ® -Danone); Strawberry Yogurt (Vigor); Apple puree (Nestlé); Fermented Milk (Yakult ® -Yakult); and Home Squeezed Style Orange Juice (del Valle) -positive control. The 28-day immersion cycles for the test products were performed twice daily and were interspersed with exposure of the test substrate to artificial saliva. Measurements of enamel surface microhardness (SMH) were performed initially, after immersion in HCl and at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of experimentation. A two-way ANOVA, according to a split-plot design, followed by the sum of squares decomposition and Tukey's test, revealed a significant effect for the interaction between Foods and Drinks and Length of Exposure (p < 0.00001). Orange juice resulted in greater mineral loss of enamel after 28 days. None of the test products was associated with recovery of tooth enamel microhardness.

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“…The hardness measured by indenta-tion is affected not only by the immediate surrounding, but also by changes of the material in a distance of approximately 10 times the dimensions of the indentation. To limit the impact of surrounding material changes, microindenta-tions for determining erosive alterations of the superficial surfaces are per-formed with low pressure of about 50 g (0.49 N) [ 2 5 , 2 6 ] [23,24]. Nevertheless, one should be aware that microhardness measurements do not reflect the properties of the surface only.…”

Section: Surface Hardness Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An electron beam hitting the surface leads to excitement of atoms resulting in emitting of X-rays which may provide information about distribution of various elements, such as calcium, phosphate and carbon with a concentration of about 1 wt%. However, suitability of the method for evaluating erosive processes has not been clearly demonstrated as yet [23] [21]. Both SEM and ESEM are suitable for use with native surfaces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion

Attin

¹

,

Wegehaupt²

2014

Monographs in Oral Science

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Various assessment techniques have been applied to evaluate the loss of dental hard tissue and the surface-softened zone in enamel induced by erosive challenges. In this chapter, the most frequently adopted techniques for analyzing the erosively altered dental hard tissues are reviewed, such as profilometry, measuring microscope techniques, microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy, nano-and microhardness tests and iodide permeability test. Moreover, methods for chemical analysis of minerals dissolved from dental hard tissue are discussed. It becomes evident that the complex nature of erosive mineral loss and dissolution might not be comprehended by a single technique, but needs application of different approaches for full understanding. Chapter 10Lussi A (ed): Dental Erosion. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2006, vol 20, pp 152-172 Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion Thomas Attin, Florian Just WegehauptCenter for Dental Medicine, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland AbstractVarious assessment techniques have been applied to evaluate the loss of dental hard tissue and the surface-softened zone in enamel induced by erosive challenges. In this chapter, the most frequently adopted techniques for analyzing the erosively altered dental hard tissues are reviewed, such as profilometry, microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy, nano-and microhardness tests and iodide permeability test. Moreover, methods for chemical analysis of minerals dissolved from dental hard tissue are discussed. It becomes evident that the complex nature of erosive mineral loss and dissolution might not be comprehended by a single technique, but needs application of different approaches for full understanding. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel Acid attack leads to an irreversible loss of the outermost enamel and dentin layers and to partial demineralization (softening) of the tooth surface. In enamel, the thickness of the softened layer is estimated to be 2-5 tJm [1,2] [1, 2]. The softened eroded tooth surface is highly susceptible to abrasive wear, and mechanical impacts such as toothbrushing can easily remove the superficially demineralized dental hard tissue [3][4][5] [3][4][5]. For simulating intra-oral erosion as closely as possible, it is desirable to assess the erosive effects on native tooth surfaces. Most of the methods described below need polished surfaces for precise assessment of the erosively induced defects or for creating reference surfaces, which means that the natural, often fluoridated surface of the tooth has to be removed. However, it should be considered that in the case of intra-oral erosion the outermost surface layers are also continuously removed by the acid attack, so that a 'polished' surface is Attin 2 cre-ated. When monitoring of erosive surface alterations within a period of time is performed, it could become necessary to fix a specimen in the measuring device i...

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“…A diode laser beam is reflected from the back of the cantilever and is incident on a four-segment photodiode. As the tip moves, the deflection of the cantilever is indicated by the position of the laser on the photodiode, thus constructing a map of the sample surface [23] [21]. The tip can move over the sample in dynamic modes with an oscil-lating tip moving up and down in either tapping mode (with touching surface contacts) or noncontact mode.…”

Section: Atomic Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, microhardness measurements such as the Knoop procedure allow discriminating different erosive potentials of various substances on dental hard tissue, even after short exposures (3 min) to acidic agents [27] [25]. In other studies, immersion periods of at least 20 min were chosen to investigate the impact on surface hard-ness [28] [29] [30] [23,26,27]. By means of the indentations on enamel surfaces detection of enamel abrasion is also possible by calculating the depth of the indentations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion

Attin¹

2006

Monographs in Oral Science

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Various assessment techniques have been applied to evaluate the loss of dental hard tissue and the surface-softened zone in enamel induced by erosive challenges. In this chapter, the most frequently adopted techniques for analyzing the erosively altered dental hard tissues are reviewed, such as profilometry, measuring microscope techniques, microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy, nano-and microhardness tests and iodide permeability test. Moreover, methods for chemical analysis of minerals dissolved from dental hard tissue are discussed. It becomes evident that the complex nature of erosive mineral loss and dissolution might not be comprehended by a single technique, but needs application of different approaches for full understanding. Chapter 10Lussi A (ed): Dental Erosion. Monogr Oral Sci. Basel, Karger, 2006, vol 20, pp 152-172 Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion Thomas Attin, Florian Just WegehauptCenter for Dental Medicine, Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland AbstractVarious assessment techniques have been applied to evaluate the loss of dental hard tissue and the surface-softened zone in enamel induced by erosive challenges. In this chapter, the most frequently adopted techniques for analyzing the erosively altered dental hard tissues are reviewed, such as profilometry, microradiography, scanning electron microscopy, atom force microscopy, nano-and microhardness tests and iodide permeability test. Moreover, methods for chemical analysis of minerals dissolved from dental hard tissue are discussed. It becomes evident that the complex nature of erosive mineral loss and dissolution might not be comprehended by a single technique, but needs application of different approaches for full understanding. Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel Acid attack leads to an irreversible loss of the outermost enamel and dentin layers and to partial demineralization (softening) of the tooth surface. In enamel, the thickness of the softened layer is estimated to be 2-5 tJm [1,2] [1, 2]. The softened eroded tooth surface is highly susceptible to abrasive wear, and mechanical impacts such as toothbrushing can easily remove the superficially demineralized dental hard tissue [3][4][5] [3][4][5]. For simulating intra-oral erosion as closely as possible, it is desirable to assess the erosive effects on native tooth surfaces. Most of the methods described below need polished surfaces for precise assessment of the erosively induced defects or for creating reference surfaces, which means that the natural, often fluoridated surface of the tooth has to be removed. However, it should be considered that in the case of intra-oral erosion the outermost surface layers are also continuously removed by the acid attack, so that a 'polished' surface is Attin 2 cre-ated. When monitoring of erosive surface alterations within a period of time is performed, it could become necessary to fix a specimen in the measuring device i...

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The laboratory assessment of enamel erosion: a review

Cited by 154 publications

References 77 publications

Effect of foods and drinks on primary tooth enamel after erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid

Effect of foods and drinks on primary tooth enamel after erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid

Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion

Methods for Assessment of Dental Erosion

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