The laminar‐turbulent transition for flow in pipes, concentric annuli, and parallel plates

Hanks, Richard W.

doi:10.1002/aic.690090110

Cited by 83 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Further for concentric cylinders the diameter needs to be redefined with respect to the hydraulic diameter [229].Thus, Outer Electrode 182 cylinder this critical value would then be 1000 as the critical Reynolds number in a concentric cylinder is half of that in cylindrical tubes [230]. As the theoretically predicted Reynolds number is significantly less than this critical value thus one may conclude that the flow will remain laminar even if the gap between the electrodes is reduced to as low as 2 mm ( Figure A2).…”

Section: A2 Design and Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray–differential mobility analysis of bionanoparticles

Guha

Tarlov

et al. 2012

Trends in Biotechnology

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The growth of the multibillion dollar bionanoparticle industry has spurred the development of new physical characterization methods. One such method, electrospraydifferential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) constitutes an electrospray for aerosolization of bionanoparticles (such as viruses, gold-nanoparticles, proteins, nanoparticle-protein complexes) and an ion mobility method that operates at atmospheric conditions, and separates bionanoparticles spatially. This dissertation identifies some relevant "problem" areas for ES-DMA by reviewing selected applications.Some such problems are: proteins while passing through ES capillaries are found to interact with it and thus produce time dependent size distributions. Further, it is thought that adsorbed proteins may subsequently desorb and influence size distributions with the ES-DMA which may concomitantly affect quantification of aggregates. These artifacts are studied systematically and it is demonstrated that ES-DMA can quantify adsorption-desorption of complex protein mixtures at high shear rates. Further, it is shown that desorbing proteins do not have a significant effect on size distributions. Another artifact of the ES takes place during the aersolization process. Two units (called monomers) of a bionanoparticle may get encapsulated in the same ES droplet and upon drying of the droplet create artificial dimers thus affecting quantification with ES-DMA. Assuming Poisson distribution, this thesis provides a systematic approach that can be undertaken to eliminate this artifact. A third artifact arises from the low sensitivity of the DMA to size increase. When a ligand (for e.g. protein) adsorbs to a bionanoparticle it creates an increase in the size of the later, which can be used to quantify the amount of ligand adsorbed per bionanoparticle. As ligands can change conformations upon adsorption, using ES-DMA for such applications may be flawed. This issue has been identified and a solution has been provided by integrating a mass analyzer after the ES-DMA.After correcting for these artifacts, this dissertation delves into characterization of different types of bionanoparticles and demonstrates that ES-DMA has several advantages over other traditional techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, size exclusion chromatography, analytical ultracentrifugation, dynamic light scattering and plaque assay and thus has immense potential to become a process analytical technique in biomanufacturing environments. ELECTROSPRAY-DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS OF BIONANOPARTICLES

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Section: A2 Design and Preprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospray–differential mobility analysis of bionanoparticles

Guha

Tarlov

et al. 2012

Trends in Biotechnology

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“…The analysis performed by Hunt et al [8] though showed that the configuration of the Bagnold experimental set-up invalidates this conclusion. Here, we adopted a transition criterion based on the Hanks stability parameter [6,7]. We treated the continuous phase of the mixture as a Newtonian fluid, with an apparent viscosity different from the viscosity of the interstitial fluid because of the presence of the solid grains and we applied the Hanks criterion to the case of a surface uniform flow due to the practical interest of such a configuration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hanks [6] [7] proposed and tested a criterion for the laminar-turbulent transition based on a universal stability parameter valid for Newtonian and Bingham fluids flowing in pipes, concentric annuli and parallel plates. The momentum equations for the fluid are the following:…”

Section: Application Of Hanks Stability Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It must be underlined that we used the value 404 = κ suggested by Hanks [6,7] and valid if the ratio between the inertial and the viscous forces is evaluated at the scale of the classical Navier-Stokes equations (eqn 6). Its application even at the scale of the ensemble averaged momentum equations (eqn 8) will be subject of further investigations.…”

Section: Application Of Hanks Stability Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This choice appears not completely satisfactory (see § 2). In § 3 we introduce the stability parameter suggested by Hanks [6,7] for evaluating the laminar-turbulent transition of a Newtonian fluid. This parameter does not depend on the geometrical configuration of the flow domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An application of the Hanks stability parameter for the macroviscous-inertial transition in the surface flow of a neutrally buoyant suspension

Berzi¹,

Larcan²

2006

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 90

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This paper focuses on the evaluation of the regime transition in the surface flow of a neutrally buoyant suspension. The revisiting of the 1954 Bagnold paper made by Hunt et al. (2002) showed that the choice of the non-dimensional parameter afterwards known as Bagnold number for evaluating the transition between macroviscous and grain-inertial regime is at least doubtful. Here, a different approach, based on the universal stability parameter of Hanks (1963a, b), is proposed. The application of this transition criterion to the case of the incompressible uniform surface flow of a liquid-solid mixture shows that the Reynolds number is the parameter that really controls the transition between the flow regimes. The critical value of the Reynolds number is a function of the solid volume fraction of the mixture. This value is derived assuming that the critical value of the Hanks stability parameter does not change when referring to the ensemble averaged momentum equations of the continuous phase rather than to the classical Navier-Stokes equations. The present analysis shows that highly concentrated neutrally buoyant suspensions can be characterized by the macroviscous regime even if the Reynolds number is not small, up to an order of 10 5 . Thus, one should pay attention in applying at real scale laws obtained through experiments performed at laboratory scale.

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The laminar‐turbulent transition for fluids with a yield stress

Hanks

1963

AIChE Journal

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The laminar‐turbulent transition for flow in pipes, concentric annuli, and parallel plates

Cited by 83 publications

References 14 publications

Electrospray–differential mobility analysis of bionanoparticles

Electrospray–differential mobility analysis of bionanoparticles

An application of the Hanks stability parameter for the macroviscous-inertial transition in the surface flow of a neutrally buoyant suspension

The laminar‐turbulent transition for fluids with a yield stress

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