The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Proctor, Diana M.; Relman, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.03.011

Cited by 163 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(104 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

160

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Keratinized squamous epithelia, which are continuously triggered by commensal microbioma and dietary and airborne antigens, line the oral mucosa barrier in the hard palate . Microbial communities colonizing shedding epithelia are different from those isolated from the tooth surface . Therefore, biopsy tissues harvested from the palate were not challenged by bacterial species constituting tooth‐adherent biofilm and were used as negative control in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident memory T cells: Possible players in periodontal disease recurrence

Deli

Romano

Gualini

et al. 2019

J of Periodontal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background/objectives Tissue‐resident memory T cells (Trm) represent a new subset of long‐lived memory T cells that remain in barrier tissues after previous bacterial or viral infection to support early/immediate defense mechanisms, providing site‐specific protection from pathogen challenge. As data on Trm cells in human gingiva are just emerging, the aim of the present study was to explore their presence and distribution in epithelial and connective periodontal tissues in relation to microbial exposure and periodontal damage. Material and methods Periodontitis tissue specimens were collected from 20 generalized chronic periodontitis patients at the time of osseous resective surgery. As a control, 18 healthy tissue specimens were harvested each from both the primary flap and the palatal graft in 18 periodontally healthy patients during mucogingival surgeries. As CD69 and CD103 are phenotypic markers associated with tissue residence, intraepithelial and stromal CD103+ and CD69+ cells per high‐power field were counted in areas with highest expression. Double immunohistochemistry for CD3 and CD69 was performed to identify T cells. Results CD69 +and CD103+ cells showed a lymphocytic morphology, and double CD69 and CD3 staining confirmed the T cell phenotype of these cells. CD103 and CD69 expression was significantly enhanced in epithelial and connective tissues from patients with periodontitis compared with healthy controls (P < .001). Significant positive correlation between PD and both CD103 and CD69 epithelial expression was observed in tissue specimens from periodontitis patients (P < .001). Conclusion Within the limits of the present study, these results indicate that Trm cells are higher in periodontitis lesions. They could orchestrate the host response to microbial challenge, leading to a faster reactivation of periodontal disease.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resident memory T cells: Possible players in periodontal disease recurrence

Deli

Romano

Gualini

et al. 2019

J of Periodontal Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Interestingly, when catalyzed by oral bacterial enzymes, saturated fatty acids and vitamin C produce carcinogenic enzymes . Additionally, the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx are all connected anatomical sites, therefore dysbiosis in one site can lead to dysbiosis in another . Although the exact mechanism has yet to be elucidated, dysbiosis microbiota has been linked to head and neck cancer …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proinflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of squamous cell head and neck cancer

Mazul

Shivappa

Hébert

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Cancer

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diets high in fruits and vegetables and low in red meat intake have been associated with decreased risk of head and neck cancer. Additionally, chronic inflammation pathways and their association with cancer have been widely described. We hypothesized a proinflammatory diet, as measured by the dietary inflammatory index (DII ), is associated with increased risk of head and neck cancer. We used the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer (CHANCE) study, a population-based case-control study of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cases were recruited from a 46-county region in central North Carolina. Controls, frequency-matched on age, race, and sex were identified through the North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicle records. The DII score, adjusted for energy using the density approach (E-DII), was calculated from a food frequency questionnaire and split into four quartiles based on the distribution among controls. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression. Cases had higher E-DII scores (i.e., a more proinflammatory diet) compared with controls (mean: -0.14 vs. -1.50; p value < 0.001). When compared with the lowest quartile, the OR for the highest quartile was 2.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.16-3.95), followed by 1.93 (95% CI: 1.43-2.62) for the third quartile, and 1.37 (95% CI: 1.00-1.89) for the second quartile. Both alcohol and smoking had a significant additive interaction with E-DII (smoking relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI): 2.83; 95% CI: 1.36-4.30 and alcohol RERI: 1.75; 95% CI: 0.77-2.75). These results provide additional evidence for the association between proinflammatory diet and head and neck cancer.

show abstract

“…The oral cavity contains diverse microbial communities that alter significantly from other mucosal sites, comprising Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes with over 600 prevalent taxa present . However, the role of the microbiota and its associated metabolites on immune regulation in the oral cavity and in particular on MNP function is not well characterized.…”

Section: Oral Cavitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of mononuclear phagocyte function by the microbiota at mucosal sites

Scott

Mann

2019

Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Mucosal tissues contain distinct microbial communities that differ drastically depending on the barrier site, and as such, mucosal immune responses have evolved to be tailored specifically for their location. Whether protective or regulatory immune responses against invading pathogens or the commensal microbiota occur is controlled by local mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs). Comprising macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), the functions of these cells are highly dependent on the local environment. For example, the intestine contains the greatest bacterial load of any site in the body, and hence, intestinal MNPs are hyporesponsive to bacterial stimulation. This is thought to be one of the major mechanisms by which harmful immune responses directed against the trillions of harmless bacteria that line the gut lumen are avoided. Regulation of MNP function by the microbiota has been characterized in the most depth in the intestine but there are several mucosal sites that also contain their own microbiota. In this review, we present an overview of how MNP function is regulated by the microbiota at mucosal sites, highlighting recent novel pathways by which this occurs in the intestine, and new studies elucidating these interactions at mucosal sites that have been characterized in less depth, including the urogenital tract.

show abstract

The Landscape Ecology and Microbiota of the Human Nose, Mouth, and Throat

Cited by 163 publications

References 88 publications

Resident memory T cells: Possible players in periodontal disease recurrence

Resident memory T cells: Possible players in periodontal disease recurrence

Proinflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of squamous cell head and neck cancer

Regulation of mononuclear phagocyte function by the microbiota at mucosal sites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About