The landscape of 8q24 cytoband in gastric cancer

Abstract

Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) is estimated to be the fifth most common cancer type in both sexes, ranking sixth for new cases, with over 640 850 cases per year, and fourth in mortality. Cancer presents numerical and structural alterations in chromosomes and presents gains and losses of regions. In GC there are multiple genetic alterations, in which those located in cytoband 8q24 have been repeatedly described; essential genes are in this cytoband, regulating the homeostasis of crucial biological processes, such as the MYC gene triggers selective gene expression amplification to promote cell growth and proliferation. On the other hand, DNA sequence variation occurs when a single nucleotide in the genome sequence is altered is called single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP. This alteration is present in at least 1% of the population which acts as biological markers, helping locate genes associated with the disease. In this bibliographic analysis, twelve genes were in cytoband 8q24 related to GC: NSMCE2, PCAT1, CACS19, CASC8, CCAT2, PRNCR1, POU5FIB, PSCA, JRK, MYC, PVT1 and PTK2. The PSCA gene was cited more frequently than others, it has four SNP: rs2978980, rs2294008, rs2976392, and rs9297976, the four with reports associated with GC; these SNP should be further studied in different populations to determined them their risk value in GC.