The landscape of 8q24 cytoband in gastric cancer (Review)

Abstract

Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) is estimated to be the fifth most common type of cancer type in both sexes, ranking sixth for new cases, with >640,850 cases per year, and fourth in terms of mortality rate. Cancer presents numerical and structural alterations in chromosomes, often through gains and losses of regions. In GC, there are multiple genetic alterations, in which those located in cytoband 8q24 have been frequently described; essential genes are present in this cytoband, regulating the homeostasis of crucial biological processes, such as the MYC gene, which induces expression of selective genes to promote cell growth and proliferation. Conversely, DNA sequence variations can also occur when a single nucleotide in the genome sequence is altered, and this is termed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). These alterations, which can serve as a biological marker, are present in at least 1% of the population and assist in identifying genes associated with GC. In the present review, 12 genes present in cytoband 8q24 related to GC (NSMCE2, PCAT1, CASC19, CASC8, CCAT2, PRNCR1, POU5F1B, PSCA, JRK, MYC, PVT1 and PTK2) are discussed. The PSCA gene was cited more frequently than others; it has four known SNPs associated with GC (rs2978980, rs2294008, rs2976392 and rs9297976). Thus, these SNPs should be further studied in different populations to determine their risk value in patients with GC. Contents1. Gastric cancer (GC) 2. Chromosomes and copy number alterations 3. 8q24 cytoband genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 4. SNPs and the risk of cancer 5. Conclusions

HPV, HBV, and HIV-1 Viral Integration Site Mapping: A Streamlined Workflow from NGS to Genomic Insights of Carcinogenesis

“…Chromosomal regions (chr. 13q22.1, 8q24, and 21p11.2) associated with carcinogenesis were also identified in the cell lines [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The median number of integration events at/near a cytoband or gene associated with carcinogenesis per sample was 2 (range, 2 to 10).…”

“…The median number of integration events at/near a cytoband or gene associated with carcinogenesis per sample was 2 (range, 2 to 10). Host genes adjacent to the VIS, which have been identified in the literature as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, or cancer-associated genes, were denoted in Table 2 by superscripted numerals [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. Taken together, the findings offer valuable insights into the intricate relationship between viral integration, chromosomal location, and genetic alterations that contribute to carcinogenesis.…”

“…A long-range chromatin interaction between HPV-18 fragments, the MYC gene, and the cytoband 8q24.21 has been demonstrated to constitutively activate the MYC gene, leading to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis [ 45 ]. Notably, the 8q24.21 region is recognized as a hotspot for genetic mutations associated with various cancer types [ 46 , 47 ]. In a recent review focusing on gastric cancer (GC), genetic alterations within the 8q24 cytoband and its sub-bands (8q24.3, 8q24.11-13, 8q24.21, and 8q24.22) were explored [ 47 ].…”

“…Notably, the 8q24.21 region is recognized as a hotspot for genetic mutations associated with various cancer types [ 46 , 47 ]. In a recent review focusing on gastric cancer (GC), genetic alterations within the 8q24 cytoband and its sub-bands (8q24.3, 8q24.11-13, 8q24.21, and 8q24.22) were explored [ 47 ]. Among the genes frequently associated with GC within the 8q24 region are NSMCE2, PCAT1, CASC19, CASC8, CCAT2, PRNCR1, POU5F1B, PSCA, JRK, MYC, PVT1, and PTK2 [ 47 ].…”

“…1 Chromosomal region and band recognized as a human common fragile site [41]. 2 Chromosomal region and band associated with carcinogenesis [44][45][46][47][48][49]. 3 Chromosomal region and band recognized as an HPV integration hotspot (i.e., 2q22.…”