The Landslide Handbook - A Guide to Understanding Landslides

Highland, Lynn M.; Bobrowsky, Peter T.

doi:10.3133/cir1325

Cited by 444 publications

(339 citation statements)

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“…Generally, landslides occur in different terrains independently from climate conditions, and they are among the most common but also among the most dangerous natural hazards, because civil infrastructure cannot withstand the forces generated by moving masses of soil, rock, or organic material. Having severe impact both on civil infrastructure and on the natural environment, landslides cause losses and damages of several billion US$ every year as well as numerous fatalities and injuries [4]. As reported by Petley [5], who has investigated fatal landslides between 2004 and 2010, during the 7-year observation period 2,620 landslides have been recorded, which have caused more than 30,000 fatalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For example, landslides are frequently initiated by human-induced factors, such as disturbed or changed drainage patterns, destabilized slopes, or removed vegetation [4]. Landslides, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) are defined as "downslope movement of soil, rock and organic materials under the effects of gravity" [4]. Generally, landslides occur in different terrains independently from climate conditions, and they are among the most common but also among the most dangerous natural hazards, because civil infrastructure cannot withstand the forces generated by moving masses of soil, rock, or organic material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As another direct consequence of the population growth, human activities increasingly trigger natural hazards due to changes in the environmental conditions. For example, landslides are frequently initiated by human-induced factors, such as disturbed or changed drainage patterns, destabilized slopes, or removed vegetation [4]. Landslides, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) are defined as "downslope movement of soil, rock and organic materials under the effects of gravity" [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Internet-Enabled Wireless Multi-Sensor System for Continuous Monitoring of Landslide Processes

Smarsly¹,

Georgieva²,

König³

2014

IJET

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Abstract-Monitoring and early warning systems, although being capable of continuously collecting field data related to landslide processes, are usually unable to autonomously detect and analyze signs of landslides in real time. This paper presents the design and experimental implementation of an autonomous landslide monitoring system. Besides reliably issuing early warnings in case of detected slope anomalies, the monitoring system is primarily designed to support human individuals in assessing the risk of landslide and to improve the understanding of the slope behavior, which may help to reduce economic losses and fatalities caused by landslides. Specifically, intelligent wireless sensor nodes are distributed in the observed slope to autonomously collect, analyze and communicate relevant environmental parameters in real time. Supporting remote analyses of the collected field data, a web application, which is installed on a computer connected to the on-site sensor nodes, enables an automated dissemination of slope parameters through the Internet. Last but not least, geospatial information stemming from external sources is integrated into the monitoring system to provide a comprehensive overview of landslide-related slope conditions. Index Terms-Monitoring of slope movements, wireless sensor networks, early warning systems, artificial intelligence, smart sensors, Internet computing. I. INTRODUCTIONThe world population, which currently numbers more than 7 billion people [1], is growing continuously, and it is expected to reach 10 billion people in the year 2100 [2]. As a direct consequence of the population growth, also the density of population increases rapidly, and therefore unstable, hazardous areas and steep terrains with high risks of natural hazards such as volcanic eruptions, floods or landslides are being developed for settlement [3]. As another direct consequence of the population growth, human activities increasingly trigger natural hazards due to changes in the environmental conditions. For example, landslides are frequently initiated by human-induced factors, such as disturbed or changed drainage patterns, destabilized slopes, or removed vegetation [4]. Landslides, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) are defined as "downslope movement of soil, rock and organic materials under the effects of gravity" [4]. Generally, landslides occur in different terrains independently from climate conditions, and they are among the most common but also among the most dangerous natural hazards, because civil infrastructure cannot withstand the forces generated by moving masses of soil, rock, or organic material. Having severe impact both on civil infrastructure and on the natural environment, landslides cause losses and damages of several billion US$ every year as well as numerous fatalities and injuries [4]. As reported by Petley [5], who has investigated fatal landslides between 2004 and 2010, during the 7-year observation period 2,620 landslides have been recorded, which have caused more than 30,0...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Internet-Enabled Wireless Multi-Sensor System for Continuous Monitoring of Landslide Processes

Smarsly¹,

Georgieva²,

König³

2014

IJET

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“…In Lalande's wall, there are slides and flows of mass movements. Slides are mass downslope movements along ruptures or relatively thin zones of intense shear strain, that separate the sliding material from the more stable underlying planar (Highland and Bobrowsky, 2008). A flow is a form of continuous mass movement in which a combination of loose soil and rock fragments move downslope.…”

Section: Crater Floor Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Mapping of Lunar Crater Lalande: Topographic Configuration, Morphology and Cratering Process

Ling

Zhang

et al. 2017

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Highland crater Lalande (4.45°S, 8.63°W; D=23.4 km) is located on the PKT area of the lunar near side, southeast of Mare Insularum. It is a complex crater in Copernican era and has three distinguishing features: high silicic anomaly, highest Th abundance and special landforms on its floor. There are some low-relief bulges on the left of crater floor with regular circle or ellipse shapes. They are ~250 to 680 m wide and ~30 to 91 m high with maximum flank slopes >20°. There are two possible scenarios for the formation of these low-relief bulges which are impact melt products or young silicic volcanic eruptions. According to the absolute model ages of ejecta, melt ponds and hummocky floor, the ratio of diameter and depth, similar bugle features within other Copernican-aged craters and lack of volcanic source vents, we hypothesized that these low-relief bulges were most consistent with an origin of impact melts during the crater formation instead of small and young volcanic activities occurring on the crater floor. Based on Kaguya TC ortho-mosaic and DTM data produced by TC imagery in stereo, geological units and some linear features on the floor and wall of Lalande have been mapped. Eight geological units are organized by crater floor units: hummocky floor, central peak and low-relief bulges; and crater wall units: terraced walls, channeled and veneered walls, interior walls, mass wasting areas, blocky areas, and melt ponds. These geological units and linear features at Lalande provided us a chance to understand some details of the cratering process and elevation differences on the floor. We evaluated several possibilities to understand the potential causes for the observed elevation differences on the Lalande's floor. We proposed that late-stage wall collapse and subsidence due to melt cooling could be the possible causes of observed elevation differences on the floor.

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“…The landslide hazard can be triggered by physical (increased moisture, volcanic eruption, earthquake), natural (erosion, wildfire), or human (overdevelopment, mining, deforestation) causes (Highland & Bobrowsky 2008), annually costing $3.5 billion (in 2005 dollars) and casualties between 25 and 50 in the United States (USGS 2005). Due to a variety of landslide types (Varnes 1978), the event can happen anywhere with instability of fine or coarse soil elements, regardless of steep or flat terrains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-2014 mudslides at Oso revealed by InSAR and multi-source DEM analysis

Kim

Lü

et al. 2015

Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk

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The March 22, 2014 Oso mudslide at Washington was an extreme event costing nearly 40 deaths and damaging civilian properties. Historic record indicates that there have been serial events in decades. In our study, the combination of multisource digital elevation models (DEMs), interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), and time-series InSAR analysis allowed us to characterize the Oso mudslide. The difference of shuttle radar topography mission (

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The Landslide Handbook - A Guide to Understanding Landslides

Cited by 444 publications

References 0 publications

An Internet-Enabled Wireless Multi-Sensor System for Continuous Monitoring of Landslide Processes

An Internet-Enabled Wireless Multi-Sensor System for Continuous Monitoring of Landslide Processes

Geological Mapping of Lunar Crater Lalande: Topographic Configuration, Morphology and Cratering Process

Pre-2014 mudslides at Oso revealed by InSAR and multi-source DEM analysis

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