The language machine: Psycholinguistics in review

Altmann, Gerry T. M.

doi:10.1348/000712601162130

Cited by 69 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 333 publications

(279 reference statements)

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“…Several competing theories exist in which underlying cognitive processes, mechanisms, and architectures differ. However, it is generally accepted that there are multiple levels of representation involved in language processing (Altmann, 2001;Foltz, 2003;Graesser, Millis, & Zwaan, 1997;Singer, 2000;Zwaan & Singer, 2003). van Dijk and Kintsch (1983) proposed that three levels of discourse representation are involved in the comprehension process, including the surface code, the textbase or proposition, and the situational model.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Listener Comprehension and Intelligibility Scores for Speakers With Dysarthria

Hustad

2008

J Speech Lang Hear Res

115

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Purpose-This study examined the relationship between listener comprehension and intelligibility scores for speakers with mild, moderate, severe, and profound dysarthria. Relationships were examined across all speakers and their listeners when severity effects were statistically controlled, within severity groups, and within individual speakers with dysarthria.Method-Speech samples were collected from 12 speakers with dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy. For each speaker, 12 different listeners completed two tasks (for a total of 144 listeners), one task involved making orthographic transcriptions and one task involved answering comprehension questions. Transcriptions were scored for the number of words transcribed correctly; comprehension questions were scored on a 3-point scale according to their accuracy.Results-Across all speakers, the correlation between comprehension and intelligibility scores was non-significant when the effects of severity were factored out and residual scores were examined. Within severity groups, the relationship was significant only for the mild group. Within individual speaker groups, the relationship was non-significant for all but two speakers with dysarthria.Conclusions-Findings suggest that transcription intelligibility scores do not accurately reflect listener comprehension scores. Measures of both intelligibility and listener comprehension may provide a more complete description of the information-bearing capability of dysarthric speech than either measure alone. Keywords speech intelligibility; speech perception; dysarthria; cerebral palsy; comprehensibilityThe characterization of dysarthric speech is a topic of both clinical and theoretical importance. Although the dysarthrias are a heterogeneous group of speech disorders, one common characteristic is reduced intelligibility (Duffy, 2005; Yorkston, Beukelman, Strand, & Bell, 1999). Reduced intelligibility can have a critical impact on communication abilities, and may limit vocational, educational, and social participation. As a result, quality of life may be greatly diminished.Intelligibility refers to how well a speaker's acoustic signal can be accurately recovered by a listener. Although this definition seems simple, there are many speaker-related and listenerrelated variables that can impact how well a speech signal is deciphered. For example, research has shown that message predictability (Garcia & Cannito, 1996), message length Portions of these data were presented at the American Speech Language and Hearing Association Annual Convention, Chicago, IL (November, 2003). NIH Public AccessAuthor Manuscript J Speech Lang Hear Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 January 5. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript (Yorkston & Beukelman, 1981), contextual cues (Hunter, Pring & Martin, 1991), visualfacial information (Hustad & Cahill, 2003), and listener experience (Tjaden & Liss, 1995) each have the potential to affect intelligibility in significant ways. Thus, intelligibili...

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confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Listener Comprehension and Intelligibility Scores for Speakers With Dysarthria

Hustad

2008

J Speech Lang Hear Res

115

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“…This is the case because linguistic and cultural specificities can limit the administration and further analysis of some tests. 45,46 The CHT appears to have been adapted well, according to the psycholinguistic criteria described by Altmann 47 and Berman.…”

Section: 42mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the Brazilian version of the Child Hayling Test

Siqueira

Gonçalves

Hübner

et al. 2016

Trends Psychiatry Psychother.

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Introduction: The Hayling Test assesses the components of initiation, inhibition, cognitive flexibility and verbal speed by means of a sentence completion task. This study presents the process of developing the Brazilian version of the Child Hayling Test (CHT) and reports evidence of its content validity. Methods: 139 people took part in the study. The adaptation was performed by seven translators and 12 specialist judges. An initial sample of 92 healthy children was recruited to test a selection of sentences adapted from previous adult and pediatric versions of the instrument, and a sample of 28 healthy children was recruited for pilot testing of the final version. The instrument was developed in seven stages: 1) translation, 2) back-translation, 3) comparison of translated versions, 4) preparation of new stimuli, 5) data collection with healthy children to analyze comprehension of the stimuli and analyses by the authors against the psycholinguistic criteria adopted, 6) analyses conducted by judges who are specialists in neuropsychology or linguistics, and 7) the pilot study. Results: Twenty-four of the 72 sentences constructed were selected on the basis of 70-100% agreement between judges evaluating what they assessed and level of comprehensibility. The pilot study revealed better performance by older children, providing evidence of the instrument's sensitivity to developmental factors. Conclusions: Future studies employing this version of CHT with clinical pediatric populations who have frontal lesions and dysfunctions and in related areas are needed to test functional and differential diagnoses of preserved or impaired executive functions.

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“…Lyons,1968, Coseriu, 1970, Geckeler, 1971, Lutzeier, 1981, Helbig, 1992. Psycholinguisten andererseits, die sich mit semantischen Strukturen auskennen (Miller, 1996, McNamara & Miller, 1989, Komatsu, 1992, McRae et al, 1997, Altmann, 2001 (Hou, 1965). Das Nicht-zur-Kernfamilie-Gehören eines Verwandten (Merkmal Kernfamilie: negativ) ist in der Lebensrealität höchst relevant, nicht nur bei Entscheidungen über Erbfragen.…”

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“…B. an Emotionsbegriffen unternommen (Mees & Schmitt, 2003). Auch Psycholinguisten beachten die Subtilitäten semantischer Unterschiede (Miller, 1996, McNamara & Miller, 1989, Komatsu, 1992, McRae et al, 1997, Altmann, 2001. Differentielle Psychologen hätten von ihnen über semantische Strukturen manches erfahren können, auch von den Experten des semantischen Gedächtnisses (Closky, Collins, Loftus, McClelland, Quillian, Rummelhart, Smith u.a.).…”

Section: Gewissenhaftigkeitunclassified

Basiskomponenten der Persönlichkeit

Ertel¹

2011

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The language machine: Psycholinguistics in review

Cited by 69 publications

References 333 publications

The Relationship Between Listener Comprehension and Intelligibility Scores for Speakers With Dysarthria

The Relationship Between Listener Comprehension and Intelligibility Scores for Speakers With Dysarthria

Development of the Brazilian version of the Child Hayling Test

Basiskomponenten der Persönlichkeit

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