The Laplace resonance in the Kepler-60 planetary system

Goździewski, Krzysztof; Migaszewski, Cezary; Panichi, Federico; Szuszkiewicz, Ewa

doi:10.1093/mnrasl/slv156

Cited by 96 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We identified Kepler-177 as having a particularly strong chopping signal, deep transits, and low masses, indicative of likely extremely low planetary densities. We also noted strong TTVs at Kepler-60, possibly due to librations within a three-body Laplace-like resonance chain (Goździewski et al 2016). …”

Section: Choice Of Systemsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Hence, we have only the tests shown in Table 5 for this system. Goździewski et al (2016) haveper-formed an independent TTV analysis of this system, using long-cadence data. With short-cadence data, we find more precise bounds on the dynamical masses of the planets.…”

Section: Kepler-60 (Koi-2086)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include the three planets of Kepler-138 (Jontof-Hutter et al 2015). Other studies have measured precise masses using the data through Q16 (Kepler-79; Jontof-Hutteret al 2014), Q14 (Kepler-11;Lissauer et al 2013), or earlier data sets, as well as Q17 data in long cadence (e.g., Hadden & Lithwick 2015;Goździewski et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SECURE MASS MEASUREMENTS FROM TRANSIT TIMING: 10 KEPLER EXOPLANETS BETWEEN 3 AND 8 M _⊕ WITH DIVERSE DENSITIES AND INCIDENT FLUXES

Jontof-Hutter

Ford

Rowe

et al. 2016

ApJ

178

147

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We infer dynamical masses in eight multiplanet systems using transit times measured from Keplerʼs complete dataset, including short-cadence data where available. Of the 18dynamical masses that we infer, 10pass multiple tests for robustness. These are in systemsKepler-26 (KOI-250), Kepler-29 (KOI-738), Kepler-60 (KOI-2086), , and Kepler-307 (KOI-1576). Kepler-105 c has a radius of 1.3 R ⊕ and a density consistent with an Earth-like composition. Strong transit timing variation(TTV) signals were detected from additional planets, but their inferred masses were sensitive to outliers or consistent solutions could not be found with independently measured transit times, including planets orbitingKepler-49 (KOI-248), Kepler-57 (KOI-1270), Kepler-105 (KOI-115), and Kepler-177 (KOI-523). Nonetheless, strong upper limits on the mass of Kepler-177 c imply an extremely low density of∼0.1 g cm −3 . In most cases, individual orbital eccentricities were poorly constrained owingto degeneracies in TTV inversion. For five planet pairs in our sample, strong secular interactions imply a moderatetohigh likelihood of apsidal alignment over a wide range of possible eccentricities. We also find solutions for the three planets known to orbit Kepler-60 in a Laplace-like resonance chain. However, nonlibrating solutions also match the transittiming data. For six systems, we calculate more precise stellar parameters than previously known, enabling useful constraints on planetary densities where we have secure mass measurements. Placing these exoplanets on the mass-radius diagram, we find thata wide range of densities isobserved among sub-Neptune-mass planets and that the range in observed densities is anticorrelated with incident flux.

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Section: Choice Of Systemsmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Kepler-60 (Koi-2086)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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SECURE MASS MEASUREMENTS FROM TRANSIT TIMING: 10 KEPLER EXOPLANETS BETWEEN 3 AND 8 M _⊕ WITH DIVERSE DENSITIES AND INCIDENT FLUXES

Jontof-Hutter

Ford

Rowe

et al. 2016

ApJ

178

147

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“…As apsidal alignment or anti-alignment is a feature of some formation simulations (e.g., Goździewski et al 2016), the known degeneracies of TTV fitting must be carefully excluded to avoid drawing inaccurate conclusions.…”

Section: Tests Related To Eccentricitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dynamical Analysis of the Kepler-80 System of Five Transiting Planets

et al. 2016

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Kepler has discovered hundreds of systems with multiple transiting exoplanets which hold tremendous potential both individually and collectively for understanding the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Many of these systems consist of multiple small planets with periods less than ∼50 days known as Systems with Tightly-spaced Inner Planets, or STIPs. One especially intriguing STIP, Kepler-80 (KOI-500), contains five transiting planets: f, d, e, b, and c with periods of 1.0, 3.1, 4.6, 7.1, 9.5 days, respectively. We provide measurements of transit times and a transit timing variation (TTV) dynamical analysis. We find that TTVs cannot reliably detect eccentricities for this system, though mass estimates are not affected. Restricting the eccentricity to a reasonable range, we infer masses for the outer four planets (d, e, b, and c) to be 6.75 −0.86 Earth masses, respectively. The similar masses but different radii are consistent with terrestrial compositions for d and e and ∼2% H/He envelopes for b and c. We confirm that the outer four planets are in a rare dynamical configuration with four interconnected three-body resonances that are librating with few degree amplitudes. We present a formation model that can reproduce the observed configuration by starting with a multi-resonant chain and introducing dissipation. Overall, the information-rich Kepler-80 planets provide an important perspective into exoplanetary systems.

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“…The mathematical TTV model in this paper is essentially the same as in our previous work devoted to the Kepler-60 system (Goździewski et al 2016). The TTV data set D for Kepler-29 consists of 187 measurements spanning quarters Q1-Q17 ( 1450 days), with reported mean uncertainties σ TTV 1 0.009 d and σ TTV 2 0.011 d, for the inner and outer planet, respectively (Rowe et al 2015).…”

Section: The Ttv Data Model and Optimisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and 9:7 MMR dynamics of the Kepler-29 system

Migaszewski

Goździewski

Panichi

2016

Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.

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We analyse the Transit Timing Variation (TTV) measurements of a system of two super-Earths detected as Kepler-29, in order to constrain the planets' masses and orbital parameters. A dynamical analysis of the best-fitting configurations constrains the masses to be ∼ 6 and ∼ 5 Earth masses for the inner and the outer planets, respectively. The analysis also reveals that the system is likely locked in the 9:7 mean motion resonance. However, a variety of orbital architectures regarding eccentricities and the relative orientation of orbits is permitted by the observations as well as by stability constraints. We attempt to find configurations preferred by the planet formation scenarios as an additional, physical constraint. We show that configurations with low eccentricities and anti-aligned apsidal lines of the orbits are a natural and most likely outcome of the convergent migration. However, we show that librations of the critical angles are not necessary for the Kepler-29 system to be dynamically resonant, and such configurations may be formed on the way of migration as well. We argue, on the other hand, that aligned configurations with e 0.03 may be not consistent with the migration scenario.

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The Laplace resonance in the Kepler-60 planetary system

Cited by 96 publications

References 36 publications

SECURE MASS MEASUREMENTS FROM TRANSIT TIMING: 10 KEPLER EXOPLANETS BETWEEN 3 AND 8 M _⊕ WITH DIVERSE DENSITIES AND INCIDENT FLUXES

SECURE MASS MEASUREMENTS FROM TRANSIT TIMING: 10 KEPLER EXOPLANETS BETWEEN 3 AND 8 M _⊕ WITH DIVERSE DENSITIES AND INCIDENT FLUXES

A Dynamical Analysis of the Kepler-80 System of Five Transiting Planets

The origin and 9:7 MMR dynamics of the Kepler-29 system

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The Laplace resonance in the Kepler-60 planetary system

Cited by 96 publications

References 36 publications

SECURE MASS MEASUREMENTS FROM TRANSIT TIMING: 10 KEPLER EXOPLANETS BETWEEN 3 AND 8 M ⊕ WITH DIVERSE DENSITIES AND INCIDENT FLUXES

SECURE MASS MEASUREMENTS FROM TRANSIT TIMING: 10 KEPLER EXOPLANETS BETWEEN 3 AND 8 M ⊕ WITH DIVERSE DENSITIES AND INCIDENT FLUXES

A Dynamical Analysis of the Kepler-80 System of Five Transiting Planets

The origin and 9:7 MMR dynamics of the Kepler-29 system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

SECURE MASS MEASUREMENTS FROM TRANSIT TIMING: 10 KEPLER EXOPLANETS BETWEEN 3 AND 8 M _⊕ WITH DIVERSE DENSITIES AND INCIDENT FLUXES

SECURE MASS MEASUREMENTS FROM TRANSIT TIMING: 10 KEPLER EXOPLANETS BETWEEN 3 AND 8 M _⊕ WITH DIVERSE DENSITIES AND INCIDENT FLUXES