The large sample size fallacy

Lantz, Björn

doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2012.01052.x

Cited by 148 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With regard to total losses, five months show greater losses (February, March, and August and slightly fewer total losses in September and December) and only one month shows a noticeably low total loss, namely July. However, despite these easy-toread statistical differences, they are not statistically significant because the sample size is relatively small (Lantz 2013), which means that with the data used in this paper cannot either prove or disprove H1. Overall, it is possible to state that the temperature aggression hypothesis has low validity for understanding violence in cargo thefts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The use of violence in cargo theft – a supply chain disruption case

Ekwall

Lantz

2018

J Transp Secur

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper examines patterns of reported cargo thefts involving violence in the Europe, Middle East, and Africa region with regard to the value of stolen goods, incident frequency, transport chain location, and incident category. The research method is deductive and is based on analyses of secondary data obtained from the Incident Information Service by the Transported Asset Protection Association. The results are discussed within a frame of reference based on supply chain risk management and supply chain disruption literature. We found that perpetrators who use violence seem to cause greater losses per theft than those who use other types of modus operandi. Further, the most common type of violent cargo theft occurs on Mondays in January when cargo vehicles are robbed on the road and consumer electronics are stolen. In terms of supply chain disruption, violent cargo thefts can be seen as externally-caused disruptions, which can indirectly cause major problems for the supply chain.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

The use of violence in cargo theft – a supply chain disruption case

Ekwall

Lantz

2018

J Transp Secur

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, regarding the normality, significance can be detected easily in large samples [25,27] and also normality tests detect nonnormality very easily in large samples. There is no easy answer as to where the cut-off between small and large sample lies, although N > 30 is in most cases considered as 'large enough' to detect a normal distribution, but the cut-off for not finding a normal distribution due to large sample size is not known just as it is not known at what sample size parametric tests are usable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical model of the heating prediction gap in Dutch dwellings: Relative importance of building, household and behavioural characteristics

Majcen

Itard

Visscher

2015

Energy and Buildings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Schoenfeld residuals were calculated and found significant if the P value of the Schoenfeld test exceeded 0.05. Residual plots were visually inspected in case of a significant Schoenfeld test to assess whether it was caused by the large sample size,20 known to bias the test statistics, or a violation of the proportionality assumption. Phenotypes of HRR were standardized to a mean of 0 and SD of 1 to allow for comparisons between the different HRR measurements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Rate Recovery 10 Seconds After Cessation of Exercise Predicts Death

Vegte

Harst

Verweij

2018

JAHA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundHeart rate recovery (HRR) is commonly defined as the decrease of heart rate at 1 minute after cessation of exercise and is an important predictor of all‐cause mortality and death associated with coronary artery disease. However, HRR at earlier time intervals after cessation has not been well evaluated and might better reflect PNS reactivation. We hypothesize that early HRR indices within the first minute is better associated with all‐cause and coronary artery disease mortality compared with HRR at 1 minute.Methods and ResultsThe prognostic value of HRR at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 seconds after cessation of exercise was investigated in 40 727 selected UK Biobank participants (mean age 56 years, 45% male) free from cardiovascular disease. During a median follow‐up period of 6 years, 536 participants died (including 39 of coronary artery disease). In multivariable analyses, including adjustments for aerobic exercise capacity, cardiovascular risk factors, and factors associated with mortality in general, only HRR at 10 seconds remained predictive of both all‐cause and coronary artery disease mortality. Effects of HRR were larger and more significant when measured early after exercise cessation. Moreover, the association of change in heart rate between 10 seconds and 1 minute after exercise cessation with mortality was dependent on HRR at 10 seconds.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that decreased HRR at 10 seconds after cessation of exercise is a superior predictor of outcome compared with HRR at later time intervals. This observation might have important implications for the future reporting and interpretation of exercise tests.

show abstract

The large sample size fallacy

Abstract: Effect sizes should generally be calculated and presented along with p-values for statistically significant results, and observed effect sizes should be discussed qualitatively through direct and explicit comparisons with the effects in related literature.

Cited by 148 publications

References 15 publications

The use of violence in cargo theft – a supply chain disruption case

The use of violence in cargo theft – a supply chain disruption case

Statistical model of the heating prediction gap in Dutch dwellings: Relative importance of building, household and behavioural characteristics

Heart Rate Recovery 10 Seconds After Cessation of Exercise Predicts Death

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About