The Large Scale Ocean Circulation and Physical Processes Controlling Pacific-Arctic Interactions

Maslowski, Wieslaw; Kinney, Jaclyn Clement; Okkonen, Stephen R.; Osiński, Robert; Roberts, Andrew; Williams, William J.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8863-2_5

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 93 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…These areas receive nutrient‐rich Pacific water inflow over the shelf, and the Chukchi Sea is known for high PP [ Hill and Cota , ; Arrigo et al ., ; Pabi et al ., ; for review see Harada , ]. Moreover, they are organic carbon depositional areas [ Goñi et al ., ] largely due to bathymetric features (depressions and canyons) [ Maslowski et al ., ; Mathis et al ., ]. In the last decade, this region has been the subject of extensive research with regard to benthic ecosystem functioning [ Grebmeier et al ., , ; Grebmeier , ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic matter remineralization in marine sediments: A Pan‐Arctic synthesis

Bourgeois

Archambault

Witte

2017

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Climate change in the Arctic is ongoing and causes drastic modification on the ecosystem functioning. In soft-bottom environments, organic matter remineralization is considered an important ecosystem function. Here we provide a large-scale assessment of the current knowledge on the benthic organic matter remineralization and its potential response to climate change. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) values (n = 1154), measured throughout the Arctic, were gathered from 30 publications and 16 databases, and nutrient flux values, available in a far lesser extent (n < 80), were also compiled. Generalized additive models were used to estimate the influence of explanatory variables on benthic oxygen fluxes and for interpolating SOD to the whole Arctic region. This first Pan-Arctic review of the distributions of SOD showed that oxygen fluxes strongly depended on water depth, i.e., followed the general trend observed for other regions, and also on the availability of labile organic matter. The continental shelves (representing~50% of Arctic Ocean's total area) were characterized by the highest SOD values (10.5 ± 7.9 mmol O 2 m À2 d À1 ), and differences among shelves were observed; SOD values in inflow, interior, and outflow shelves were 11.8 ± 8.0, 6.2 ± 5.6, and 3.9 ± 3.5 mmol O 2 m À2 d À1 , respectively. Moreover, seasonal variation in SOD changed significantly among areas. The interpolation based on the best fitted model showed high respiration in the inflow and interior shelves. In the inflow shelves, characterized by productive waters, benthic activities replenish bottom water with nutrients which may augment primary productivity, whereas sediments from the interior shelves, e.g., under the direct influence of the Mackenzie River, consume nutrients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic matter remineralization in marine sediments: A Pan‐Arctic synthesis

Bourgeois

Archambault

Witte

2017

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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“…The tidally driven JEBAR mechanism may also apply to various regions where both boundary currents and intensive diurnal tides coexist. For example, the Aleutian Arc and the Antarctic continental shelves are candidates; in the former, the Alaskan Stream controls the interbasin exchange between the Bering Sea and the North Pacific 31,32 , whereas in the latter case, the Antarctic Slope Current regulates the heat transport to the ice shelf 33,34 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tidally modified western boundary current drives interbasin exchange between the Sea of Okhotsk and the North Pacific

Hung-Wei

Mitsudera

Yamazaki

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The interbasin exchange between the Sea of Okhotsk and the North Pacific governs the intermediate water ventilation and fertilization of the nutrient-rich subpolar Pacific, and thus has an enormous influence on the North Pacific. However, the mechanism of this exchange is puzzling; current studies have not explained how the western boundary current (WBC) of the subarctic North Pacific intrudes only partially into the Sea of Okhotsk. High-resolution models often exhibit unrealistically small exchanges, as the WBC overshoots passing by deep straits and does not induce exchange flows. Therefore, partial intrusion cannot be solely explained by large-scale, wind-driven circulation. Here, we demonstrate that tidal forcing is the missing mechanism that drives the exchange by steering the WBC pathway. Upstream of the deep straits, tidally-generated topographically trapped waves over a bank lead to cross-slope upwelling. This upwelling enhances bottom pressure, thereby steering the WBC pathway toward the deep straits. The upwelling is identified as the source of joint-effect-of-baroclinicity-and-relief (JEBAR) in the potential vorticity equation, which is caused by tidal oscillation instead of tidally-enhanced vertical mixing. The WBC then hits the island chain and induces exchange flows. This tidal control of WBC pathways is applicable on subpolar and polar regions globally.

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“…Strong inflow through Amchitka Pass can impact the Aleutian North Slope Current and the formation of eddies in the Bering Sea (Maslowski et al. ). Sea surface height variability in this area of the CAI is likely a result of flow‐topography interactions between eddies, currents, and the slopes of Bowers Ridge (Ezer and Oey ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixing it up in Alaska: Habitat use of adult female Steller sea lions reveals a variety of foraging strategies

et al. 2020

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From 2010 to 2015, satellite transmitters were deployed on 16 adult female Steller sea lions (AFSSLs; Eumetopias jubatus) in three regions of Alaska because there is limited information regarding the habitat use of this age class during winter and populations have yet to recover in western Alaska. Two approaches were used to assess how static (distance to shore, sea lion site, and continental shelf break, presence on/off the continental shelf, and bathymetric depth and slope), dynamic (proportion of daylight, fraction of lunar illumination, chlorophyll‐a, wind speed, sea surface height, eddy kinetic energy, and sea surface temperature), and other (region, distinct population segment, and season) covariates affected the habitat use of AFSSLs. Multimodel inference was first used to examine diving behaviors (mean and maximum dive depths, dive frequency) with respect to covariates using linear mixed‐effects models, whereas single model inference was used to examine kernel density estimates (KDEs) of individual monthly utilization distributions (n = 74) in western Alaska with respect to environmental covariates using generalized additive models. Additionally, weighted coefficients from these models were examined for the population as a whole, within each individual, between regions, and across monthly scales. Comparisons of foraging behaviors of AFSSLs over time and space revealed pronounced individual variability within overall broader patterns. Response variables of most models were related to various combinations of predictor variables, but distance to shore was the most influential variable across all models. As expected with a non‐migratory central place forager, frequency of diving and KDEs were greater on the shelf and near shore, though maximum dive depths increased with distance to shore. Interaction effects (proportion of day light*on/off shelf) observed for mean dive depths suggested AFSSLs were feeding on benthic species when in shelf waters near shore, whereas they were likely feeding on vertically migrating prey species while off‐shelf. Relationships regarding diving behaviors and KDEs of AFSSLs relative to dynamic oceanographic variables were not as prominent as those observed for static environmental variables, though some signals were apparent at different scales. Overall, static environmental features likely provided more consistent sources of habitat for prey resources, thereby making them more predictable for AFSSLs.

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The Large Scale Ocean Circulation and Physical Processes Controlling Pacific-Arctic Interactions

Cited by 10 publications

References 93 publications

Organic matter remineralization in marine sediments: A Pan‐Arctic synthesis

Organic matter remineralization in marine sediments: A Pan‐Arctic synthesis

Tidally modified western boundary current drives interbasin exchange between the Sea of Okhotsk and the North Pacific

Mixing it up in Alaska: Habitat use of adult female Steller sea lions reveals a variety of foraging strategies

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