The large-scale production of carbon nanotubes in a nano-agglomerate fluidized-bed reactor

Wang, Yao; Wei, Fei; Li, Guohua; Yu, Huimin; Gu, Guangsheng

doi:10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01384-2

Cited by 283 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…In this study, factors for quantifying the CNT aggregates shape were obtained based on the studies of Wang et al [1] and Hakim et al [4], which incorporate various shape factors to visualize the aggregation phenomenon of nanoparticles. Heywood diameter and Feret diameter were used for the aggregate diameter, and aspect ratio, roundness and solidity were used to quantify the shape [15].…”

Section: Image Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon Nanotube (CNT) is a very promising material with a great potential for a wide range of applications, including electronic materials and energy fields [1]. In recent years, fluidized bed reactors have been increasingly applied for mass production in the CNT synthesis using catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technology [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, fluidized bed reactors have been increasingly applied for mass production in the CNT synthesis using catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) technology [2,3]. Since the fluidized bed reactor has a high heat and mass transfer efficiency, it is advantageous for the synthesis of CNTs with uniform quality, and it is evaluated as a method capable of continuous production and mass production of the CNTs [1,3]. The strong anisotropy of the nanotubes on particle can affect fluidization behavior of the particles in the fluidized bed reactor because the CNT particles fall under the Geldart C classification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Particle Size on Carbon Nanotube Aggregates Behavior in Dilute Phase of a Fluidized Bed

Kim

2018

Processes

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Fluidized bed reactors have been increasingly applied for mass production of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) using catalytic chemical vapor deposition technology. Effect of particle size (d p = 131 µm and 220 µm) on fluidization characteristics and aggregation behavior of the CNT particles have been determined in a fluidized bed for its design and scale-up. The CNT aggregation properties such as size and shape were measured in the dilute phase of a fluidized bed (0.15 m-ID × 2.6 m high) by the laser sheet technique for the visualization. Two CNT particle beds showed different tendency in variations of the aggregates factors with gas velocity due to differences in factors contributing to the aggregate formation. The CNT particles with a larger mean size presented as relatively larger in the aggregate size than the smaller CNT particles at given gas velocities. The aggregates from the large CNT particles showed a sharp increase in the aspect ratio and rapid decrease in the roundness and the solidity with gas velocity. A possible mechanism of aggregates formation was proposed based on the variations of aggregates properties with gas velocity. The obtained Heywood diameters of aggregates have been firstly correlated with the experimental parameter.

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Section: Image Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Particle Size on Carbon Nanotube Aggregates Behavior in Dilute Phase of a Fluidized Bed

Kim

2018

Processes

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“…The powders in Group A exhibit dense phase expansion at a minimal fluidization velocity, and this state can be maintained over a large velocity range. Agglomerated MWCNTs (Figure 6(c)) [4,62], DWCNTs [63], and SWCNTs [64] have been efficiently synthesized in a fluidized bed reactor. A pilot mass-production project of agglomerated MWCNTs with high yields (15 kg/h) was realized in a fluidized bed reactor in 2002 [62].…”

Section: Low-cost and Large-scale Cnt Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agglomerated MWCNTs (Figure 6(c)) [4,62], DWCNTs [63], and SWCNTs [64] have been efficiently synthesized in a fluidized bed reactor. A pilot mass-production project of agglomerated MWCNTs with high yields (15 kg/h) was realized in a fluidized bed reactor in 2002 [62]. For MWCNT production, the producers are mainly located in China, Japan, the United States, Germany, and Korea.…”

Section: Low-cost and Large-scale Cnt Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes: The practice of nanoscale process engineering

et al. 2011

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanomaterials that have attracted great research interest because of their unique properties and promising applications. The controllable synthesis of CNTs is a precondition for their broad application. In this review, we consider nanoscale process engineering and assess recent progress in the mass production of ultra-long, inexpensive CNTs with good alignment as well as tunability in wall number and diameter for fundamental and engineering science applications across multiple scales. Cutting-edge nanoscale process engineering research in the areas of physics, chemistry, materials, engineering, ecology, and social science will allow us to obtain high added value and multi-functional advanced CNTs. The synthesis of CNTs with controllable chirality, good-alignment, and predetermined sizes and lengths still presents great challenges. Through multidisciplinary scientific research, advanced CNT-based materials will promote the development of a sustainable society. According to the wall number of a CNT, it can be classified as a SWCNT, double-walled CNT (DWCNT), triple-walled CNT (TWCNT), or multi-walled CNT (MWCNT). Because of the covalent sp 2 bonds between individual carbon atoms, a nanotube can have a Young's modulus between 1.2-5.5 TPa, a tensile strength about a hundred times greater than that of steel, and can tolerate large strains before mechanical failure. A CNT can be a metal, semiconductor, or small-gap semiconductor. The state of the CNT depends heavily on the (m, n) indices, and, therefore, on the diameter and chirality. CNTs also possess tunable surfaces characteristics, well-defined hollow interiors, and high biocompatibility with living systems. Based on these properties, many potential applications, including both large-volume applications (such as conductive, electromagnetic, microwave absorbing, high-strength composites; super capacitor, or battery electrodes; catalyst and catalyst support; field emission displays; and transparent conducting films) and limited-volume applications (such as scanning probe tips; drug delivery systems; electronic devices; sensors; and actuators) have been proposed [2]. Controllable mass production of CNTs with the desired structures and properties is essential for future applications. In the past 20 years, arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods have been developed to produce CNTs in sizeable quantities. In CVD methods, the catalytic decomposition of a carbon feedstock into carbon and hydrogen atoms is initiated on an active catalyst surface, where the tubular CNTs grown. CVD growth can be achieved under mild conditions (such as normal pressure

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Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Water Treatment

Upadhyayula

Ruparelia

Agrawal

2011

Nanoscale Multifunctional Materials

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The large-scale production of carbon nanotubes in a nano-agglomerate fluidized-bed reactor

Cited by 283 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Particle Size on Carbon Nanotube Aggregates Behavior in Dilute Phase of a Fluidized Bed

Effect of Particle Size on Carbon Nanotube Aggregates Behavior in Dilute Phase of a Fluidized Bed

A review of the large-scale production of carbon nanotubes: The practice of nanoscale process engineering

Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Water Treatment

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