The largest digital database of fern and lycopod records from Honduras: spatial, temporal and collector biases

Abstract

Honduras is one of the least botanically studied countries in Central America. Most of the scientific botanical information for Honduras is housed in globally distributed herbaria, an often-under-used resource. A recently published checklist of ferns and lycopods from Honduras indicated that for the 713 taxa, often few distribution data are available and that we still do not know where fern and lycopod collections have taken place in the past. Therefore, the aims of this work were to (1) bring together for the first time a comprehensive inventory of fern and lycopod records from international herbaria and to (2) identify spatial, temporal and collector biases of these collections. Published and unpublished herbarium inventories of ferns and lycopod records were accessed from 2212 global herbaria. Of these, 39 hosted Honduran fern and lycopod collections. The final database included 22 194 herbarium records. Spatial and idiosyncratic collection biases are shown, with collections hotspots in areas such the Department of Francisco Morazán near the TEFH and Escuela Agrícola Panamericana (EAP) herbaria, in Celaque National Park near the city of San Pedro Sula and Tela and Lancetilla Botanical Garden. This unique database deposited at EAP, TEFH, LIV and Edge Hill University will enable Hondurans to share information to support the protection, restoration and sustainable use of their ecosystems.

From Survey to Integrated Digital Documentation of the Cultural Heritage of Museums: A Protocol for the Anastylosis of Archaeological Finds

“…Various lines of research can be identified. The application of rapid three-dimensional surveying and modelling technologies is oriented towards: comparative historical analysis in archaeology [14] ; the digital documentation of archaeological sites in urban areas [15][16][17][18] ; communication to a non-expert public of the evolution phases, characteristics and state of conservation of the asset [19] ; the definition of digital databases of museum artefacts and archaeological finds [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] ; the applications of VR and AR as a means of enhancing cultural heritage [6,27,28] ; the application of semantic methods for the management and enhancement of digital cultural assets according to open approaches to knowledge [27,29,30] . Lines of research dedicated to the application of digital technologies to sculptures, from surveying to the construction of narratives that describe the changes they have undergone over time [11,20,31] .…”