The Largest Outbreak of Measles in the United States during 1999: Imported Measles and Pockets of Susceptibility

Rooney, Jane; Milton, D Jackson; Hackler, Robert L.; Harris, Joanna H; Reynolds, Debra; Tanner, Margaret K.; Taylor, Elizabeth

doi:10.1086/377697

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the outbreak described here, health centres played an important role in the transmission of the virus, due to the greater opportunity of contact between cases and susceptible people. The diffusion of nosocomial measles [35][36][37] and the occurrence of cases in health workers [38,39] have been documented in some outbreaks. Due to the higher probability of exposure, the relative risk of infection of health workers is 7-45 times higher than that of adults in general [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Outbreak of Measles in Madrid (Spain) Caused by an Imported Case~!2009-11-06~!2009-11-10~!2010-02-16~!

Comas¹,

Gavín²,

Moreno³

et al. 2010

TOVACJ

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Introduction: In February 2006, the measles elimination programme of the Epidemiological Surveillance Network of the Community of Madrid (Spain) detected a case of imported, unvaccinated measles which was the index case of a community outbreak whose epidemiological characteristics we describe. Material and Methods: Descriptive study of the outbreak. Clinical, epidemiological and laboratory information was collected. Measles antibodies (IgM and Ig G) were studied and the virus was isolated and genotyped. Results: An imported case caused an outbreak of 174 cases (93.1% confirmed). The measles virus was detected by culture in 31% of cases. The genotype was determined in 90.7% of positive samples, all of which were the B3 genotype (subgenotype B3.1), with sequencing in various genes that indicated the same viral lineage. The outbreak lasted 198 days. The age range was 2 months-37 years and 84.6% of cases were Spanish-born. A total of 9.8% of cases presented complications, 37.4% required hospital admission, and 9.2% had a documented history of immunization. Twenty-four clusters were identified in families, health workers and infant schools. Conclusions: Control measures included advancing the infant MMR vaccination schedule and reinforcement vaccination in health care workers. While the measles virus still circulates, surveillance of suspected cases and maintenance of high vaccination coverages, especially in health care workers, are essential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Outbreak of Measles in Madrid (Spain) Caused by an Imported Case~!2009-11-06~!2009-11-10~!2010-02-16~!

Comas¹,

Gavín²,

Moreno³

et al. 2010

TOVACJ

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“…This indicator measures the time lost to contain the spread of the infection. This is shown by a measles outbreak that occurred in the United States after a 34-year-old minister with an undocumented history of vaccination became infected while traveling abroad (Rooney et al, 2004). The first symptoms were noticed on 2 September 1999; the case was diagnosed on September 5 and the health department was informed on September 7.…”

Section: Outbreak Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemic Investigation

Mathieu

Sodahlon²

2017

International Encyclopedia of Public Health

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“…Twelve outbreaks occurred during this period [36]. In 1999, an outbreak was related to a minister returning from Europe and Africa [40]. Outbreaks have also been reported during international sporting events in the USA [41].…”

Section: Measles and The Role Of Travellers In Its Re‐emergencementioning

confidence: 99%

The spread of vaccine-preventable diseases by international travellers: a public-health concern

Gautret

Botelho-Nevers²,

Brouqui

et al. 2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) are costly at both the individual and societal levels. The most common VPDs recorded in travellers are enteric (typhoid or paratyphoid B) fever, acute viral hepatitis, influenza, varicella, measles, pertussis and bacterial meningitis. Travellers suffering from VPDs are frequently hospitalized, illustrating the point that VPDs are serious and expensive. Many travellers are not properly immunized before travel. In addition to individual consequences, VPDs can have public-health consequences if they are introduced or re-introduced by infected travellers returning to areas with susceptible populations. The international spread of poliomyelitis, Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 meningococcal infections, measles and influenza provides strong evidence of the role of international travel in the globalization of VPDs. The surveillance of the emergence, re-emergence or spread of VPDs is essential to adapt pre-travel advice and the responses to the VPD.

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The Largest Outbreak of Measles in the United States during 1999: Imported Measles and Pockets of Susceptibility

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Community Outbreak of Measles in Madrid (Spain) Caused by an Imported Case~!2009-11-06~!2009-11-10~!2010-02-16~!

Community Outbreak of Measles in Madrid (Spain) Caused by an Imported Case~!2009-11-06~!2009-11-10~!2010-02-16~!

Epidemic Investigation

The spread of vaccine-preventable diseases by international travellers: a public-health concern

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