The Larvae of Corixidae and an attempt to key the last larval instar of the Dutch species (Hem., Heteroptera)

Evolutionary Trends in Heteroptera. Part II. Mouthpart-Structures and Feeding Strategies

“…The sequence of reduction through subfamilies matches the whole set of other anagenetic changes in this family (COBBEN, 1959(COBBEN, ,1965. Similar phylogenic and ontogenic reduction of all three glands, but in particular of the anterior gland, is seen in Corixidae (POISSON, 1924;BETTEN, 1943;COBBEN & MOLLER PiLLOT, 1960; but not confirmed by BRINDLEY 1929) The large genus Sigara can be subdivided in two groups on account of the colour of the glands: one group of species with dark brownish or blackish, sharply defined glands, the other group with orange-or reddish coloured glands, which are less marked (COBBEN & MOLLER PlLLOT, l.C. ) Gerromorpha lack all glands, exept for the first gland in the plesiomorphous taxa Hebridae, some Veliidae, but also in Mesoveliidae.…”

Description of the Immature Stages of Sigara (Aphelosigara) tucma

“…The chaetotaxy of the mesonotum, metafemur, and metatibia distinguish group of species belonging to the last nymphal instar of the genus Sigara ( Table 3 ): short, lanceolate setae on posterior margin of the setose area of the mesonotum reaching the anterior margin of the metanotum medially, covering the segment in a narrow T shape ( S. ( Subsigara ) fossarum , S. ( Subsigara ) scotti, S. ( Subsigara ) falleni, S. ( Subsigara ) distincta, S. ( Tropocorixa ) santiagiensis, S. ( Sigara ) striata, S. ( Sigara ) semistriata, S. ( Sigara ) hellensi, S. ( Sigara ) janssoni, S. ( Tropocorixa ) schadei , and S. ( Aphelosigara ) tucma ) or in a V shape ( S. ( Sigara ) limitata, S. ( Sigara ) lateralis, S. ( Sigara ) nigrolineata, S. ( Sigara ) concinna and S. ( Sigara ) stagnalis ); number of spines on posteroventral surface of the metafemur (one to four in: S. (Sigara) semistriata, S. ( Sigara ) limitata, S. ( Sigara ) nigrolineata, S. ( Sigara ) janssoni, S. ( Tropocorixa ) santiagiensis , and S. ( Aphelosigara ) tucma ; 15 in: S. ( Sigara ) concinna ); and number of spines on posterodorsal surface of the metatibia (10–12 in: S. ( Subsigara ) fossarum, S. ( Subsigara ) scotti, S. ( Subsigara ) falleni, S. ( Subsigara ) distincta, S. ( Sigara ) semistriata, S. ( Sigara ) nigrolineata , and S. ( Sigara ) stagnalis ; 14–20 in: S. ( Sigara ) striata, S. ( Sigara ) lateralis, S. ( Sigara ) concinna, S. ( Sigara ) hellensi, S. ( Sigara ) janssoni, S. ( Tropocorixa ) santiagiensis, S. ( Tropocorixa ) schadei and S. ( Aphelosigara ) tucma ) ( Cobben and Moller-Pillot 1960 ; Jansson 1969 ; Nieser 1969 ; López et al. 1996 ; Konopko 2012 , 2013b ).…”

“…ND, no data available. Source of information: Cobben and Moller-Pillot 1960 ; Jansson 1969 ; Nieser 1969 ; López et al. 1996 ; Melo & Scheibler 2011 ; Konopko 2012 , 2013b ; this article.…”

“…Only the eggs of 12 species of Sigara have been described ( Poisson 1933 ; Hungerford 1948b ; Fernando 1965 ; Bachmann 1981 ; Konopko 2012 , 2013b ). According to the nymphs, there are brief descriptions of the first nymphal instar emphasizing the chaetotaxy of European species of Sigara : S. ( Sigara ) concinna (Fieber), S. ( S. ) lateralis (Leach), S. ( S. ) striata (L.), and S. ( Subsigara ) falleni (Fieber) ( Cobben and Moller Pillot 1960 ); the last nymphal instar of Sigara ( Subsigara ) fossarum (Leach), S. ( S. ) scotti (Douglas & Scott), S. ( S. ) falleni , S. ( S. ) distincta (Fieber), S. ( Sigara ) striata , S. ( S. ) dorsalis (Leach), S. ( S. ) semistriata (Fieber), S. ( S. ) venusta (Douglas & Scott), S. ( S. ) limitata (Fieber), S. ( S. ) lateralis , S. ( S. ) nigrolineata (Fieber), S. ( S. ) concinna , S. ( S. ) stagnalis (Leach), S. ( S. ) selecta (Fieber), and S. ( S. ) hellensi (Sahlberg) ( Cobben and Moller Pillot 1960 ; Nieser 1969 ); and the last three nymphal instars of S. ( Subsigara ) fossarum , S. ( S. ) scotti , S. ( S. ) falleni , S. ( S .) distincta , S. ( Sigara ) striata , S. ( S .)…”

The nymphs of Sigara (Tropocorixa) denseconscripta (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Corixidae)

“…Summary of characters differentiating the last nymphal instar of the genus Sigara (BL, body length; FE3, metafemur; P, posterior; PD, posterodorsal; PV, posteroventral; ND, no data available; sp, spines; TI3, metatibia). Source of information: Cobben & Moller-Pillot, 1960;Jansson, 1969;Nieser, 1969;López et al, 1996;Melo & Scheibler, 2011;Konopko, 2012a,b;2013 (in press A1:A2= 0.27-0.32:1.00; A2 width/length: 0.21-0.25; A2 ventral surface with eight short, stout spines on the apical half of the segment. Abdomen.…”