The larvicidal activity of Agave sisalana against L4 larvae of Aedes aegypti is mediated by internal necrosis and inhibition of nitric oxide production

Abstract

Dengue is a viral disease that affects about 50 million people per year around the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the larvicidal activity of Agave sisalana crude extract in order to develop a new insecticide against Aedes aegypti. In larvicidal activity assays, fourth-stage Ae. aegypti larvae were exposed to different concentrations of A. sisalana crude extract for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h for determining the LC50. Next, we explored its cytotoxic activity by flow cytometry. Furthermore, histological alterations were confirmed by histopathological analysis, and the nitric oxide (NO) production by hemocytes was checked after different periods of exposure to A. sisalana crude extract. The LC50 was 4.5 ± 0.07 mg/mL. In addition, flow cytometry revealed an increase of cellular necrosis (21 and 16.5 % after 12 and 24 h, respectively) in larvae that were exposed to A. sisalana crude extract. The histological analysis revealed cell lysis and destruction of the peritrophic membrane. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the concentration of NO in the hemolymph from larvae exposed to A. sisalana crude extract after 3, 6, and 24 h (5.3 ± 4.3 vs. 22.7 ± 5.2 μM, 4.3 ± 5.5 vs. 25.4 ± 6.6 μM, and 6 ± 1.7 vs. 37.1 ± 7.8 μM, respectively). Our findings show that A. sisalana crude extract constitutes an effective larvicidal agent against Ae. aegypti larvae due to its necrotizing activity in hemocytes and inhibition of the NO production.

Larvicidal and pupicidal evaluation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Aquilaria sinensis and Pogostemon cablin essential oils against dengue and zika viruses vector Aedes albopictus mosquito and its histopathological analysis

“…Vector control is one of the major tools due to the development of resistance against the usual insecticides. Therefore, the development of new alternative insecticides is highly needed and it is of great significance [47].…”

Efek Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC) terhadap Morfologi dan Histologi Larva Aedes aegypti

“…Saat ini sekitar setengah dari populasi dunia berisiko, terutama di wilayah tropis dan sub tropis. 1 Virus Dengue sangat endemik di negara tropis. Di Asia, penyakit ini sering menyerang di Cina Selatan, Pakistan, India, dan semua negara di Asia Tenggara.…”

Investigation of the Larvicidal Potential of Silver Nanoparticles againstCulex quinquefasciatus: A Case of a Ubiquitous Weed as a Useful Bioresource

“…Different researchers have reported the larvicidal activity of AgNPs synthesized using different plant extracts such as Beauveria bassiana [23], Isaria fumosorosea (Ifr) [24], Sida acuta [6], Leucas aspera [25], Feronia elephantum [26], Azadirachta indica (Neem) [27], Morinda tinctoria [28], Agave sisalana [29], Eclipta prostrata [30], Ficus racemosa [31], Parthenium hysterophorus [32], Pithecellobium dulce [33], Couroupita guianensis [34], Delphinium denudatum [35], Agaricus bisporus [36], Solanum nigrum L. [37], Cocos nucifera coir [38] and Sterculia foetida L. [39] against different stages of larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles stephensi, and Aedes aegypti.…”