The last mangroves of Marajó Island — Eastern Amazon: Impact of climate and/or relative sea-level changes

Mangrove vegetation changes on Holocene terraces of the Doce River, southeastern Brazil

“…Changes in the RSL, sedimentary supply and river discharge during the Holocene are important processes that influenced not only the relative position of the shoreline, but also the characteristics of coastal stratigraphic systems and vegetation dynamics (Buso Jr., 2010;Cohen et al, 2005aCohen et al, ,b, 2012França et al, 2012;Guimarães et al, 2012;Scheel-Ybert, 2000;Smith et al, 2012) (Fig. 8).…”

“…The effect of relative sea-level (RSL) changes is apparent in coastal environments, where significant geomorphological changes (Giannini et al, 2007) extend to the mangrove dynamics (Behling et al, 2001(Behling et al, , 2004Cohen and Lara, 2003;Cohen et al, 2004Cohen et al, , 2005aFrança et al, 2012;Guimarães et al, 2012;Lara et al, 2002;Vedel et al, 2006). The expansion or contraction of mangrove areas is dependent on temperature, soil type, salinity, inundation frequency, sediment accretion, tidal and wave energy (Lugo and Snedaker, 1974).…”

“…This shift is attributed to climate, river discharge and RSL changes (Behling et al, 2004;Cohen et al, 2005aCohen et al, , 2008Cohen et al, , 2009França et al, 2012;Lara and Cohen, 2009;Smith et al, 2011Smith et al, , 2012. However, in southeastern Brazil, the mangrove dynamics are mainly related to RSL changes (Buso Junior, 2010;Buso Junior et al, in press) and sediment transport (Amaral et al, 2006).…”

An assessment of urban vulnerability in the Amazon Delta and Estuary: a multi-criterion index of flood exposure, socio-economic conditions and infrastructure

“…Nevertheless, climate change, especially changes in precipitation and droughts, is predicted to affect the regional forest, the local economy and intensify the severity of the tropical floods in the delta (GeoAmazonia 2009;Fearnside 1995). The present contraction of the mangrove vegetation in the ADE is mainly due to a rise in the relative sea level, demonstrating that this region is very vulnerable to the impacts of the global environmental changes (Cohen and Lara 2003;França et al 2012). Such changes will pace the ADE into a future space of elevated risk, where extreme events are more likely to occur, more people are exposed to flooding and a higher vulnerability is expected by more harm and losses caused by exposure (Tessler et al 2015).…”

A multi-proxy evidence for the transition from estuarine mangroves to deltaic freshwater marshes, Southeastern Brazil, due to climatic and sea-level changes during the late Holocene

“…Climate changes and sea-level oscillations have caused significant impacts on coastal sedimentary dynamics and ecosystems along the Brazilian littoral during the late Quaternary (Suguio et al, 1985;Dominguez et al, 1992;Ledru et al, 1996;Angulo and Lessa, 1997;Behling et al, 1998b;Grimm et al, 2001;Bezerra et al, 2003;Martin et al, 2003;Cohen et al, 2005a,b;Angulo et al, 2006;Vedel et al, 2006;Behling et al, 2007;Sawakuchi et al, 2008;Lara and Cohen, 2009;Zular et al, 2013;Guimarães et al, 2012Guimarães et al, , 2013Buso Junior et al, 2013;França et al, 2012França et al, , 2013França et al, , 2014.…”