The Late Life Legacy of Very Early Life

Doblhammer, Gabriele

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10349-4

“…Case, Fertig andPaxson, 2003, Hayward andGorman, 2004, andreferences therein). It is also consistent with results in the recent demographic literature in which natural experiments are applied to test effects of nutrition and disease exposure in utero and during the first months of life on mortality later in life (see Doblhammer, 2004, for a survey).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Inequality in individual mortality and economic conditions earlier in life

Berg

¹

,

Lindeboom

²

,

López

³

2009

Social Science & Medicine

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Inequality in Individual Mortality and Economic Conditions Earlier in LifeGerard J. van den Berg Maarten Lindeboom Marta López The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit company supported by Deutsche Post World Net. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its research networks, research support, and visitors and doctoral programs. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion.Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. ABSTRACT Inequality in Individual Mortality and Economic Conditions Earlier in Life *We analyze the effect of being born in a recession on the mortality rate later in life in conjunction with social class. We use individual data records from Dutch registers of birth, marriage, and death certificates, covering the period 1815-2000, and we merge these with historical data on macro-economic outcomes and health indicators. We estimate duration models and inequality measures. The results indicate that being born in a recession increases the mortality rate later in life for most of the population. Lower social classes suffer disproportionally from being born in recessions. This exacerbates mortality inequality. This is not affected by social mobility: upward mobility does not vary much with the business cycle at birth. It turns out that the average long-run economic well-being of the family at birth, the transitory economic shocks at birth, and their interaction, are all relevant determinants of the mortality rate throughout the whole life.JEL Classification: I12, J14, E32, N33, N13, C41

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“…The negative effect of developmental conditions on lifespan was mediated via an immediate (vulnerability) rather than latent (actuarial senescence) mortality cost. This is interesting because the importance of developmental conditions for mortality patterns in adulthood has not been fully resolved, even in humans [64][65][66]. Mortality rates of birds with different developmental backgrounds (B versus H) converged to similar levels at high ages (figure 2), which is reminiscent of similar patterns in humans when comparing agedependent mortality rates between birth cohorts within a country or between developing and industrialized countries [62,67 -70] (but see [71]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food availability affects adult survival trajectories depending on early developmental conditions

Briga¹,

Koetsier²,

Boonekamp³

et al. 2017

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Food availability modulates survival in interaction with (for example) competition, disease and predators, but to what extent food availability in natural populations affects survival independent of these factors is not well known. We tested the effect of food availability on lifespan and actuarial senescence in a large population of captive zebra finches by increasing the effort required to obtain food, reflecting natural contrasts in food availability. Food availability may not affect all individuals equally and we therefore created heterogeneity in phenotypic quality by raising birds with different numbers of siblings. Low food availability had no effect on lifespan for individuals from benign developmental conditions (raised in small broods), but shortened lifespan for individuals from harsh developmental conditions. The lifespan difference arose through higher baseline mortality rate of individuals from harsh developmental conditions, despite a decrease in the rate of actuarial senescence. We found no evidence for sex-specific environmental sensitivity, but females lived shorter than males due to increased actuarial senescence. Thus, low food availability by itself shortens lifespan, but only in individuals from harsh developmental conditions. Our food availability manipulation resembles dietary restriction as applied to invertebrates, where it extends lifespan in model organisms and we discuss possible reasons for the contrasting results.

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“…Studies of mortality then have to incorporate temporal variation exposures, with conceptual frameworks for adults having to take into account the life history of individuals (Caselli 1991;Caselli et al 1991;Caselli, Duchène & Wunsch 1987;Caselli & Lopez 1996). In particular, studies have demonstrated that the life conditions experienced in infancy and childhood have an impact on mortality at old ages (Bengtsson & Lindström 2000;Doblhammer 2004;Montez & Hayward 2011).…”

Section: For Assessing the Potential Of Future Life Expectancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Mortality in Low Mortality Countries

Caselli¹,

Drefhal²,

Wegner-Siegmundt³

et al. 2014

World Population and Human Capital in the Twenty-First Century

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in Future Mortality in Low-Mortality Countries AbstractThis paper provides an overview of past and expected future trends in life expectancy in experienced strong decreases in infant mortality, the future mortality trends will be driven mainly by mortality among the old and oldest-old. The paper gathers empirical background data and theoretical considerations about past and likely future determinants of mortality including smoking, obesity, biomedical progress, environmental changes and socioeconomic conditions. Based on this knowledge an internet expert survey and a metaexperts meeting were carried out to formulate expert-based assumptions for future trends in s indicate that that the positive influences on human mortality and life expectancy will likely outweigh the negative risk factors and lead to further increases of life expectancy. Moreover, the paper concludes that the differences between countries are likely to narrow further in the future.

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The Late Life Legacy of Very Early Life

Cited by 72 publications

References 140 publications

Inequality in individual mortality and economic conditions earlier in life

Inequality in individual mortality and economic conditions earlier in life

Food availability affects adult survival trajectories depending on early developmental conditions

Future Mortality in Low Mortality Countries

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