The Late Neolithic Michelsberg culture – just ramparts and ditches? A supraregional comparison of agricultural and environmental data

Kreuz, Angela; Märkle, Tanja; Marinova, Elena; Rösch, Manfred; Schäfer, Eva; Schamuhn, Silke; Zerl, Tanja

doi:10.1515/pz-2014-0006

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Yet the idea of shifting cultivation is surprisingly resilient, despite much empirical data against it. The main reason for this is that the more marginal landscapes, including the hilly and mountainous areas of the Alps themselves and the regions bordering them, are considered as less amenable to agriculture, for reasons related to climate and/or poorer soil quality (Kreuz et al, 2014; Schier, 2009). This is seen in contrast to early and partly middle Neolithic settlement areas ( Altsiedellandschaften ), which were established from 5500 cal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-site data cast doubts on the hypothesis of shifting cultivation in the late Neolithic (c. 4300–2400 cal. BC): Landscape management as an alternative paradigm

et al. 2016

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This article brings together in a comprehensive way, and for the first time, on- and off-site palaeoenvironmental data from the area of the Central European lake dwellings (a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site since 2011). The types of data considered are as follows: high-resolution off-site pollen cores, including micro-charcoal counts, and on-site data, including botanical macro- and micro-remains, hand-collected animal bones, remains of microfauna, and data on woodland management (dendrotypology). The period considered is the late Neolithic (c. 4300–2400 cal. BC). For this period, especially for its earlier phases, discussions of land-use patterns are contradictory. Based on off-site data, slash-and-burn – as known from tropical regions – is thought to be the only possible way to cultivate the land. On-site data however show a completely different picture: all indications point to the permanent cultivation of cereals ( Triticum spp., Hordeum vulgare), pea ( Pisum sativum), flax ( Linum usitatissimum) and opium-poppy ( Papaver somniferum). Cycles of landscape use are traceable, including coppicing and moving around the landscape with animal herds. Archaeobiological studies further indicate also that hunting and gathering were an important component and that the landscape was manipulated accordingly. Late Neolithic land-use systems also included the use of fire as a tool for opening up the landscape. Here we argue that bringing together all the types of palaeoenvironmental proxies in an integrative way allows us to draw a more comprehensive and reliable picture of the land-use systems in the late Neolithic than had been reconstructed previously largely on the basis of off-site data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-site data cast doubts on the hypothesis of shifting cultivation in the late Neolithic (c. 4300–2400 cal. BC): Landscape management as an alternative paradigm

et al. 2016

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“…Schierhold 2014; Geschwinde/Raetzel-Fabian 2009; Meyer/Raetzel-Fabian 2006; Raetzel-Fabian 2002a; 2000, 220 ff. ; Günther 1997.2 U. a Kreuz et al 2014;. Geschwinde/Raetzel-Fabian 2009, 208; 243-249.…”

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Niedertiefenbach. Ein Galeriegrab der spätneolithischen Wartberggruppe südwestlich von Niedertiefenbach (Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg, Hessen)

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Muhlack

et al. 2016

Praehistorische Zeitschrift

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ZusammenfassungDas Galeriegrab von Niedertiefenbach stellt einen besonderen Befund der späten Wartberggruppe im Neolithikum der Deutschen Mittelgebirgsschwelle dar; nur hier findet sich ein in zehn Straten geborgenes Bestattungskollektiv von mindestens 177 Individuen. Eine umfangreiche Serie von Radiokarbondatierungen belegt ein wesentlich höheres Alter des Grabes als bisher publiziert und erlaubt die Modellierung einer Bestattungssequenz zwischen 3.350 und 2.900 cal BC. Eine neue paläopathologische Untersuchung, vorerst nur an den Schädeln vorgenommen, zeigt einen hohen Krankenstand mit zahlreichen entzündlichen Prozessen. Mit einer verheilten Trepanation bei einem Kind wird aber zugleich auch ein besonderes Wissen im Bereich der medizinischen Versorgung deutlich. Erste Analysen zur aDNA mittels Hochfrequenzsequenzierung (HTS) belegen die Anwesenheit mitochondrialer DNA mit den Haplogruppen U5 und X2. Der erstmalige Einsatz eines CAD/CAM-Computersystems (CEREC) bietet eine detaillierte Erfassung morphologischer und pathologischer Merkmale an den Zähnen und Kiefern mit noch folgender metrisch-statistischer Analyse.

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“…Both of these plants are common field weeds (modern and in the Neolithic period) (Kreutz et al . 2014: 92). It is possible that the charred remains of cereals and field weeds were deposited inside the stokehole pit as settlement waste, along with the pottery and lithic artefacts.…”

Section: Archaeobotanymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bakels 2009; Kreutz et al . 2014) point out that the Michelsberg farmers of North-western Europe grew four types of cereals: the hulled wheats, emmer and einkorn, a tetraploid form of naked wheat (referred to as Triticum durum/turgidum ) and naked barley. As only kernels and no rachis (i.e.…”

Section: Archaeobotanymentioning

confidence: 99%

A well-preserved Michelsberg Culture domed oven from Kortrijk, Belgium

et al. 2019

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The Late Neolithic Michelsberg culture – just ramparts and ditches? A supraregional comparison of agricultural and environmental data

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

On-site data cast doubts on the hypothesis of shifting cultivation in the late Neolithic (c. 4300–2400 cal. BC): Landscape management as an alternative paradigm

On-site data cast doubts on the hypothesis of shifting cultivation in the late Neolithic (c. 4300–2400 cal. BC): Landscape management as an alternative paradigm

Niedertiefenbach. Ein Galeriegrab der spätneolithischen Wartberggruppe südwestlich von Niedertiefenbach (Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg, Hessen)

A well-preserved Michelsberg Culture domed oven from Kortrijk, Belgium

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