The late parietal event-related potential component is hierarchically sensitive to chunk tightness during chunk decomposition

Left‐hemispheric predominance on appropriateness evaluation of restructuring during chunk decomposition problem solving

“…Previous studies have found LPC deflections and positive activations in parietal regions in the restructuring‐dependent problem solving by utilizing similar chunk decomposition tasks of Chinese characters, indicating that visuospatial transformation is involved in restructuring during chunk decomposition (Tang et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2019). Consistent with previous studies (Zhang, Lu, et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2019; Zhang, Warren, et al., 2020), the current study revealed that chunk tightness causes the difficulty of visuospatial transformation, with decreased LPC amplitudes in tight than loose conditions. Moreover, the current study expands previous studies by further indicating that visuospatial transformation is crucially involved in appropriateness evaluation of restructuring.…”

“…Specifically, we focus on how appropriateness evaluation (appropriateness vs. inappropriateness) affects the late positive complex (LPC) during the decomposition of perceptual tight or loose chunks. On the one hand, previous studies have found that the parietal LPC (late positive complex) is linked to the visuospatial transformation of perceptual representation, which is the critical process during the restructuring of chunk decomposition (Wu et al., 2013; Zhang et al, 2019; Zhang, Lu, et al, 2020; Zhang, Warren, et al, 2020). Moreover, Huang et al.…”

Reactive control in evaluating appropriately or inappropriately novel ideas: Evidence from electrophysiological measures

“…In the 300–800 ms time windows, novel ideas elicited greater positive waves than ordinary ideas in the posterior scalp, whereas in 800–2000 ms time windows, novel ideas elicited greater negative waves in the posterior scalp than ordinary ideas, and inappropriate ideas also elicited greater negative waves than ordinary ideas, which was likely related to the complex processing in conceptual understanding. The observed LPC/LNC over the parietal scalp was similar to several other studies that adopted the same character decomposition task (Zhang et al, 2019, 2020, 2021), and in line with previous fMRI studies, in which the novel path of chunk decomposition was found to recruit less activation of the primary visual cortex but greater activation of the secondary visual cortex and parietal regions than the ordinary pathway, which was suggested to reflect the inhibition of the automatic chunking effect and the reconstruction of spatial representation (Huang, Zhao, et al, 2019; Huang, Han, et al, 2019; Luo & Knoblich, 2007; Wu et al, 2013). When greater difficulties occurred in manipulating spatial representations, increased activation of the prefrontal and parietal cortices was observed (Tang et al, 2016); both the novelty and (in)appropriateness factors of chunk decomposition influenced the processing difficulties and the activation in the prefrontal and parietal cortices (Huang et al, 2015).…”

“…EEG equipment was used to record electrophysiological signals when participants evaluated novel & appropriate, novel & inappropriate, ordinary & appropriate, and ordinary & inappropriate ideas of chunk decomposition. Considering previous ERP results associated with the evaluation of novelty and appropriateness and recent studies showing that novel ideas of chunk decomposition evoked more negative deflection over the frontocentral scalp in the early time window and less positive deflection over the posterior scalp in the later time window than ordinary conditions (Zhang et al, 2019, 2020), we assume that (1) increased conflict monitoring‐related N2 or N400 components will be elicited by novel ideas compared with ordinary ideas but will not necessarily appear in the contrast between inappropriate and appropriate conditions; (2) conceptual understanding‐related late components over the posterior scalp and (3) reactive control‐related late components over the anterior scalp may be influenced by both novelty and appropriateness factors, possibly in an interactive manner.…”

Can ambient odors influence the recognition of emotional words? A behavioral and event-related potentials study

“…We used G* Power 3.1.9.4 to estimate the sample size required. According to the study of Cohen (1988) and Zhang (2020) (Cohen 1988;Zhang et al 2020), we set a medium effect size F (the value is 0.25), given the a value (0.05), power value (0.80), and a total sample size of 45 was needed, i.e., at least 15 people was assigned to each odor group. A total of 49 healthy adult subjects (24 males, 25 females) participated in this study.…”