The Later Bronze Age in the British Isles and North-Western France

Burgess, Colin

doi:10.1080/00665983.1968.11078336

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…In short Preferred chronology of major features at Rams Hill then, despite the development of consolidated absolute chronologies in central Europe (notably the Alpine foreland) there are many details of correlation to be resolved in extrapolating to the British sequence. However, once these are worked through, it seems more than likely that existing chronologies will prove to be too conservative and that our early Penard material (e.g., swords of Rosnoen, Pepinville and AmblesideBardouville types ;Needham 1982;Burgess 1968) will prove to have emerged before the mid 13 th century BC. On the basis of the new dating then it may be ventured that the Rams Hill enclosure was first established in the last quarter of the 2nd millennium cal BC, broadly in the Penard period; that at some point late in the millennium the rampart underwent a major refurbishment with the insertion of timber lacing (Bradley & Ellison 1975, stages 7-8;BM-2788); and that around the late 11th-10th centuries calBC, approximately the currency of Wilburton metalwork, the enclosure was restyled, with a double palisade set in the now almost filled enclosure ditch (Fig.…”

Section: The Chronology Of Rams Hillmentioning

confidence: 98%

Redating Rams Hill and reconsidering Bronze Age enclosure

Needham

Ambers

1994

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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A new set of radiocarbon measurements for the three phases of Bronze Age enclosure at Rams Hill allows refinement of their chronology. Phase 1 is radiocarbon dated for the first time and appears, contrary to previous indications, not to be very much earlier than phases 2 and 3. The dates are on carefully selected bone samples and give a rather later timespan overall than an earlier set of dates on charcoal, within the 13th–10th centuries cal BC. This span bridges the formal Middle–Late Bronze Age transition, overlapping the use ofPenard and Wilburton metalwork. The opportunity is taken to clarify some confused aspects of Bronze Age periodization.The development of Bronze Age enclosure in Britain is reviewed. A former suggestion that Rams Hill is representative of a class of Middle Bronze Age high-status enclosure is re-examined. Current evidence does not support the idea of a coherent set of sites either functionally or chronologically. It is considered likely that Rams Hill represents an emergent state of larger-scale enclosure, perhaps after the regular embanking of small domestic sites. However, the precise role of Rams Hill in the regional economy remains enigmatic.

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Section: The Chronology Of Rams Hillmentioning

confidence: 98%

Redating Rams Hill and reconsidering Bronze Age enclosure

Needham

Ambers

1994

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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“…46) and the Llynfawr hoard contains a Jochschnalle (Wheeler and Crawford (1920-2), pi. ix centre, lower right; Burgess (1968), 43) and a pair of possible cheek-pieces (Wheeler and Crawford, 1920-2, pi. ix lower left;Alcock 1961) in addition to the phalerae.…”

Section: The Use Of Phaleraementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Heathery Burn Cave phalerae are part of the Late Urnfield-influenced phase of the British Late Bronze Age (Hawkes and Smith (1957), 155;Burgess (1968), ) 3 9 p )…”

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confidence: 99%

Six Prehistoric Phalerae in the London Museum and a Discussion of other Phalerae from the British Isles

O’Connor¹

1975

Antiq. J.

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Six prehistoric bronze phalerae in the London Museum are published and other examples from Britain and Ireland are discussed. The phalerae are of continental manufacture or inspiration and show contacts with central Germany in Ha B I; Alpine Lake Pillages in Ha B 3; Austria, Bavaria, and Belgium in Ha C. The possible uses of phalerae as personal ornament, horse-gear, and shieldbosses are considere

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“…As I have more blame than most for establishing this link more than forty years ago (Burgess 1968a), and until very recently was still hard at work trying to explain away its obvious inconsistencies (e.g. Burgess and O'Connor 2008, 37), it was a great shock to discover even more recently that in fact the two share little that is identical, present many differences, and for this reason cannot align in terms of chronology or direct influence upon each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A second aim, more particularly concerned with Britain, is to re-examine the Wallington tradition as a northern and western contemporary of Wilburton, and then to scrutinize the end of Wilburton and Wallington to determine how they influenced the last stage of the Late Bronze Age which followed. Was there a dramatic break marked by an industrial revolution, as suggested in Burgess 1968a? This requires at least minimal consideration to be given to this ensuing phase, termed Ewart Park 1 in England, and to the contemporary period in France, Milcent's (2012) LBa3 or Longueville Horizon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Alignments: Revising the Atlantic Late Bronze Age Sequence

Burgess¹

2012

Archaeological Journal

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Re-examination of St-Brieuc andWilburton metalworking shows they cannot align, and this requires a general reordering of the Atlantic Late Bronze Age sequence. They have many differences, principally sword types. St-Brieuc always has U-butt Kerguérou (Limehouse in Britain) swords, whereas Wilburton always has Wilburton swords. Wilburton must follow St-Brieuc, so a new Limehouse stage is inserted between Penard and Wilburton, to align with St-Brieuc. The combination of U-butt sword and straight-mouthed chape of St-Brieuc and Limehouse is consistent throughout Atlantic Europe. So too are the characteristics of Wilburton metalworking which followed, and its Brécy equivalent in France. In Britain the contemporaneity of Wallington and Wilburton is reaffirmed. Both played a part in the emergence of Ewart Park 1 metalworking, with South Yorkshire/Lincolnshire a vital contact zone. The Atlantic Late Bronze Age unrav elled after Wilburton. Iberia effectively dropped out after Huelva, diverted by Phoenician influ ences. Links between Britain and Atlantic France declined, and their sword and axe prefer ences diverged. The various weapon complexes of Ewart Park 1 in Britain have no equivalents in France. Ordering and sub-dividing this final phase of the LBA has always been imponderable but has been helped by the identification of St-Philbert (Huelva) swords, which show what are Ewart Park 1 hoards in Britain and contemporary Longueville hoards in France. They also make clear that the Carp's tongue complex must be relegated to the last part of the Late Bronze Age.As in earlier periods, events in the south-east can be paralleled in north-western France, where the Wilburton Complex has its counterpart in Briard's St-Brieuc-des-Iffs group . . . One difference should be noted, and that is the continuing presence in the French hoards of the U-shouldered swords . . . In England the V-shouldered [Wilburton] weapons are entirely domi nant in the Wilburton hoards. (Burgess 1968a, 9, 13) British Wilburton swords and French Atlantic leaf-shaped swords belong to the same tradition . . . However, the two groups are not identical. (O'Connor 1980, 146) [U-butt swords] are not present in Wilburton hoards in Britain, although their French counterparts frequently occur in Saint-Brieuc-des-Iffs hoards . . . (Colquhoun and Burgess 1988, 35) Downloaded by [University of Arizona] at 12:58 06 June 2016 PREAMBLE Atlantic Europe in this Bronze Age context consists of the Atlantic littoral of western Europe, beginning in the north with Britain, Ireland and northern France (from Picardy southwards), takes in Normandy, Brittany and the Paris Basin, western France, and then Portugal and Spain. Its influence did not extend normally east of Paris or north of the Belgian border, areas which looked more to central Europe, and in the case of the Low Countries, often to northern Europe. The Balearic Isles, distant in the western Mediterranean, not surprisingly fell outside the Atlantic orbit, though more distant but more accessible Sardinia was heavil...

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The Later Bronze Age in the British Isles and North-Western France

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Redating Rams Hill and reconsidering Bronze Age enclosure

Redating Rams Hill and reconsidering Bronze Age enclosure

Six Prehistoric Phalerae in the London Museum and a Discussion of other Phalerae from the British Isles

Alignments: Revising the Atlantic Late Bronze Age Sequence

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