The latest Ordovician Hirnantia brachiopod fauna of Myanmar: Significance of new data from the Mandalay Region

Abstract

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The latest Ordovician Hirnantian brachiopod faunas: New global insights

“…Lhasa: Xainza, C Xizang (Rong and Xu, 1987). Sibumasu: Mangshi, western Yunnna (Fang et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2020a, c); Mandalay, Myanmar (Chen et al, 2020;Rong et al, 2020); Satun, S Thailand (Cocks and Fortey, 1997). Kazakh: Chu-Ili (Nikitin et al, 1980).…”

“…Following the first phase of the extinction, the Foliomena Fauna became extinct; whereas some genera, e.g., Skenidioides (protorthides); Dolerorthis, Glyptorthis, and Epitomyonia (orthides); and Eoplectodonta and Leangella (plectambonitoids) characterising deeper water associations survived in ‗refugia', joined the Hirnantian fauna to varying degrees, and extended into the Silurian. 2) Endemic forms, e.g., Minutomena in South China and Sibumasu (Zeng et al, 2016;Rong et al, 2020), Titanomena in Baltica (Bergström, 1968), and Rafanoglossa in Bohemia (Havlíček, 1994), are rare in number, and became extinct after the crisis. Some genera, e.g., Christiania and Chonetoidea are known in Maine; Eochonetes, Hypsiptycha and Plaesiomys on the Laurentian margin in Scotland (Harper, 1981); and Rugosowerbyella in Chu-Ili (Nikitin et al, 1980) during the early-middle Hirnantian.…”

“…J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Boucot (1975), data derived from Laurentia (Lespérance and Sheehan, 1976), Scotland (Harper, 1981), South China (Rong et al, 2018;Zeng et al, 2016), Sibumasu Fortey, 1997, 2002;Rong et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2020a, c), and Baltica (Cocks, 1982;Dahlqvist et al, 2010;Harper and Hints, 2016).…”

A nearshore Hirnantian brachiopod fauna from South China and its ecological significance

“…There are some specimens of that family recorded as leptostrophiids in the Hirnantian rocks of Latvia and Estonia (Hints and Harper, 2015). Thus, it could be regarded as a progenitor taxon evolved during the crisis interval (Rong et al, 2019). The evolutionary relationship between Eostropheodonta and Palaeoleptostrophia together with other genera of Leptostrophiidae will be discussed in detail elsewhere.…”

“…Here only the data used in the analysis are listed; see appendix of Rong et al, 2019 for a detailed list.1851 Orthis sagittifera M'Coy, p. 398.1935 Hirnantia sagittifera ; Lamont, p. 313, pl. 7, figs.…”