The latitudinal biodiversity gradient through deep time

Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul; Benson, Roger B. J.; Goswami, Anjali

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.09.012

Cited by 297 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 97 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

285

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…During the Changhsingian the gradient seems to strengthen still further. Given the continual trend towards increased temperature throughout the Permian [61], the data presented here support the theory of Mannion et al [58]: the trend towards a hothouse climate shifts the diversity peak towards temperate latitudes, leading to the establishment of an inverted LBG already in the early Permian. This aspect of the artefact hypothesis proposed by Benson & Upchurch [11]-that Olson's Extinction was an artefact of different sampling of the different latitudes-requires a modern LBG, whereas it is shown here that an inverse gradient was prevalent throughout the Permian.…”

Section: (B) the Latitudinal Biodiversity Gradientsupporting

confidence: 88%

Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The terrestrial vertebrate fauna underwent a substantial change in composition between the lower and middle Permian. The lower Permian fauna was characterized by diverse and abundant amphibians and pelycosauriangrade synapsids. During the middle Permian, a therapsid-dominated fauna, containing a diverse array of parareptiles and a considerably reduced richness of amphibians, replaced this. However, it is debated whether the transition is a genuine event, accompanied by a mass extinction, or whether it is merely an artefact of the shift in sampling from the palaeoequatorial latitudes to the palaeotemperate latitudes. Here we use an up-to-date biostratigraphy and incorporate recent discoveries to thoroughly review the Permian tetrapod fossil record. We suggest that the faunal transition represents a genuine event; the lower Permian temperate faunas are more similar to lower Permian equatorial faunas than middle Permian temperate faunas. The transition was not consistent across latitudes; the turnover occurred more rapidly in Russia, but was delayed in North America. The argument that the mass extinction is an artefact of a latitudinal biodiversity gradient and a shift in sampling localities is rejected: sampling correction demonstrates an inverse latitudinal biodiversity gradient was prevalent during the Permian, with peak diversity in the temperate latitudes.

show abstract

Section: (B) the Latitudinal Biodiversity Gradientsupporting

confidence: 88%

Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although species richness is known to vary across geographic settings in general, particularly latitude (3,43,44), our data indicate very weak geographic relations throughout all time intervals (Table S5). In contrast, species richness trends over time are correlated with climate changes.…”

Section: What Drives Species Richness Trends and Patterns?mentioning

confidence: 75%

Tectonics, climate, and the rise and demise of continental aquatic species richness hotspots

Neubauer

Harzhauser

Georgopoulou

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Continental aquatic species richness hotspots are unevenly distributed across the planet. In present-day Europe, only two centers of biodiversity exist (Lake Ohrid on the Balkans and the Caspian Sea). During the Neogene, a wide variety of hotspots developed in a series of long-lived lakes. The mechanisms underlying the presence of richness hotspots in different geological periods have not been properly examined thus far. Based on Miocene to Recent gastropod distributions, we show that the existence and evolution of such hotspots in inland-water systems are tightly linked to the geodynamic history of the European continent. Both past and present hotspots are related to the formation and persistence of long-lived lake systems in geological basins or to isolation of existing inland basins and embayments from the marine realm. The faunal evolution within hotspots highly depends on warm climates and surface area. During the Quaternary icehouse climate and extensive glaciations, limnic biodiversity sustained a severe decline across the continent and most former hotspots disappeared. The Recent gastropod distribution is mainly a geologically young pattern formed after the Last Glacial Maximum (19 ky) and subsequent formation of postglacial lakes. The major hotspots today are related to long-lived lakes in preglacially formed, permanently subsiding geological basins.biogeography | hotspot evolution | freshwater gastropods | Cenozoic | species-area relationship

show abstract

“…6-9). For example, some proposed mechanisms to explain the modern LDG invoke particular climatic conditions that exist today, and the fossil record can be used to evaluate these mechanisms under different climatic conditions in the past (6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Cenozoic onset of the latitudinal diversity gradient of North American mammals

Marcot

Fox

Niebuhr

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The decline of species richness from equator to pole, or latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), is nearly universal among clades of living organisms, yet whether it was such a pervasive pattern in the geologic past remains uncertain. Here, we calculate the strength of the LDG for terrestrial mammals in North America over the past 65 My, using 27,903 fossil occurrences of Cenozoic terrestrial mammals from western North America downloaded from the Paleobiology Database. Accounting for temporal and spatial variation in sampling, the LDG was substantially weaker than it is today for most of the Cenozoic and the robust modern LDG of North American mammals evolved only over the last 4 My. The strength of the LDG correlates negatively with global temperature, suggesting a role of global climate patterns in the establishment and maintenance of the LDG for North American mammals.

show abstract

The latitudinal biodiversity gradient through deep time

Cited by 297 publications

References 97 publications

Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian

Olson's Extinction and the latitudinal biodiversity gradient of tetrapods in the Permian

Tectonics, climate, and the rise and demise of continental aquatic species richness hotspots

Late Cenozoic onset of the latitudinal diversity gradient of North American mammals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About