The Le Chatelier's principle enables closed loop regenerating ternary cathode materials for spent lithium-ion batteries

Zhou, Miaomiao; Shen, Ji; Duan, Yang; Zuo, Yinze; Xing, Zhiwei; Liu, Ruiping

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103250

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

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“…These reported works inspired us to directly regenerate the NCM material from the spent LIBs. However, there are several problems needed to be solved, such as high lost, complicated steps and deficient purity ( Xiao et al, 2019 ; Zhou et al, 2024 ). Extracting the Ni, Co, Mn and Li from the spent NCM materials and efficiently transforming them into regenerated NCM materials by the designed stoichiometric ratio is not easy to realize.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the facile regeneration of degraded cathode materials from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 lithium-ion batteries

Yang,

Hao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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Rational reusing the waste materials in spent batteries play a key role in the sustainable development for the future lithium-ion batteries. In this work, we propose an effective and facile solid-state-calcination strategy for the recycling and regeneration of the cathode materials in spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) ternary lithium-ion batteries. By systemic physicochemical characterizations, the stoichiometry, phase purity and elemental composition of the regenerated material were deeply investigated. The electrochemical tests confirm that the material characteristics and performances got recovered after the regeneration process. The optimal material was proved to exhibit the excellent capacity with a discharge capacity of 147.9 mAh g−1 at 1 C and an outstanding capacity retention of 86% after 500 cycles at 1 C, which were comparable to those of commercial NCM materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the facile regeneration of degraded cathode materials from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 lithium-ion batteries

Yang,

Hao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Chem.

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Selective Recycling of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries Enables Toward Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries Cathode

Lv,

Lin,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Effective selective recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (S‐LIBs) and giving recycled products a “second life” are crucial for advancing energy supply circularity, environmental and economic sustainability development. However, separating metal compounds with similar charge differences requires substantial energy, water, and chemical inputs. Herein, an innovative strategy is present for selective recycling S‐LIBs by photoexcitation inspired by the Hard Soft Acid Base (HSAB) principle. Theoretical calculations and experimental results show that photoexcitation drives charge transfer and modulates subtle charge density differences among metal components, thereby enhancing their solubility disparity and facilitating metal separation. Remarkably, the photoexcitation‐induced metal separation factor reaches 46900 and the metal recovery efficiency approaches 100%, representing a significant improvement over non‐photoexcitation separation with a separation factor of non‐photoexcitation of merely 2.7. Through techno‐economic analysis, the viability of photoexcitation selective recycling technology has been confirmed as an eco‐friendly and economical approach for battery recycling. Furthermore, high‐value reuse of recovered Mn components is implemented. The Recycled Mn components are treated by calcination to obtain porous, defect‐rich Mn2O3, which showed a specific capacity of 613 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) in aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs). This work provides fresh insight into recycling S‐LIBs and moving toward more sustainable storage technologies.

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The Fischer‐Lactonization‐Driven Mechanism for Ultra‐Efficient Recycling of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Zhou,

Shen,

Zuo

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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Hydrometallurgy remains a major challenge to simplify its complex separation and precipitation processes for spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we propose a Fischer‐lactonisation‐driven mechanism for the cascade reaction of leaching and chelation of spent LIBs. Citric acid undergoes a two‐step dissociation of the carboxylic acid (‐COOH) and complexes with the leached metal ion, while the residual ‐COOH is attacked by H protons to form a protonated carboxyl ion (‐COO^‐). Subsequently, the lone pair of electrons in the hydroxyl of the same molecule attack the carbon atom in ‐COO^‐ to facilitate ester bonding, leading to the formation of a lactonized gel. The leaching rates of Li, Ni, Co and Mn are 99.3, 99.1, 99.5 and 99.2%, respectively. The regenerated monocrystalline LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) has a uniform particle size distribution and complete lamellar structure, with a capacity retention rate of 70.6% after 250 cycles at 0.5 C. The mechanism achieves a one‐step chelation reaction, and the energy consumption and carbon emissions are only 26% and 44%, respectively, of that of the conventional hydrometallurgical. The strategy achieves a double breakthrough in simplifying the process and improving environmental friendliness, offering a sustainable approach to the re‐utilization of spent LIBs.

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The Le Chatelier's principle enables closed loop regenerating ternary cathode materials for spent lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Research on the facile regeneration of degraded cathode materials from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 lithium-ion batteries

Research on the facile regeneration of degraded cathode materials from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 lithium-ion batteries

Selective Recycling of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries Enables Toward Aqueous Zn‐Ion Batteries Cathode

The Fischer‐Lactonization‐Driven Mechanism for Ultra‐Efficient Recycling of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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