The lead statuettes and amulets of Heracleion-Thonis

Heinz, Sanda S.

doi:10.4000/pallas.2166

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A lead core was also previously discovered inside a bronze falcon figure from Saqqara 40 . It seems that only a small range of Egyptian divine figures or sacred items were regularly made out of lead, perhaps due to symbolic connotations of this material rather than its cheap economic cost (see lead figures of Nefertum and of child deities, as well as models of the Osirian processional barge in lead from Thonis-Heracleion 41 ). Neutron tomography of box EA71428 revealed no inscriptions on the surfaces of the lead pieces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron tomography of sealed copper alloy animal coffins from ancient Egypt

O’Flynn

Fedrigo

Perucchetti

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Animal mummification was commonplace in ancient Egypt, with the remains of many animals placed inside statues or votive boxes with representations of animals or hybrid human–animal creatures. Votive boxes were made from a variety of materials and often sealed; some boxes are still preserved in this state in museum collections. A prior study of sealed copper alloy votive boxes from the collection of the British Museum used X-ray computed tomography to search for animal remains, where poor image quality resulted due to attenuation from the boxes and apparent dense metals inside. In this study, neutron tomography was applied to six of the votive boxes previously examined. Animal remains, likely from lizards, and fragments of textile wrappings were discovered inside three of the boxes. Evidence of the manufacturing process and subsequent repairs of the boxes were uncovered by neutrons. Significant quantities of lead were also identified in three boxes. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of neutron tomography for the study of mummified remains inside sealed metal containers, and give evidence linking the animal figures represented on top of votive boxes to the concealed remains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron tomography of sealed copper alloy animal coffins from ancient Egypt

O’Flynn

Fedrigo

Perucchetti

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…During the British School at Athens' excavations there, 100,733 were recorded (Wace, 1929). While the Spartans were the only Archaic and Classical Greek polis to make miniature figural votives from lead at anywhere near this scale, the use of lead for the production of religious votives is culturally attested elsewhere (e.g., Emre, 1971;Heinz, 2011;Spencer, 1998). Wood (2022, pp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spartan dependence on Laurion lead

Lloyd

2023

Archaeometry

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This article presents contextual evidence for the interpretation of lead isotope analysis (LIA) of artefacts from the Archaic Greek Mediterranean. In particular, I make a response to Wood’s suggestion in Archaeometry (2022, first view, ‘Other ways to examine the finances behind the birth of Classical Greece’) that the end of the production of lead votive figurines in Sparta might have been caused by Athenian restrictions to Laurion lead exports, drawing on new LIA of the Spartan lead votives and wider considerations concerning the trade, cost and volume of lead in the 7th to 5th century bce Mediterranean.

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The lead statuettes and amulets of Heracleion-Thonis

Cited by 2 publications

References 16 publications

Neutron tomography of sealed copper alloy animal coffins from ancient Egypt

Neutron tomography of sealed copper alloy animal coffins from ancient Egypt

Spartan dependence on Laurion lead

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