The learning rate in three dimensional high definition video assisted microvascular anastomosis in a rat model

Robot‐assisted microvascular anastomosis in head and neck free flap reconstruction: Preliminary experiences and results

“…reported performance of robot-assisted vessel adventiectomy and microanastomoses in a porcine model (Katz et al, 2005). However, Kotsougiani et al (2016) reported that operators in their study favored conventional microscopy when preparing a microsurgical field for anastomosis.…”

“…Knight et al (2005) reported that compared with vessel anastomosis using traditional manual microsurgical techniques, vessel anastomosis using robot-enhanced methods requires 60% longer operating time. Kotsougiani et al (2016) standard operating microsurgery, the physical tremors of the operator may affect the quality required for safe vessel anastomosis or remotecontrolled surgery. In such cases, the use of the da Vinci Surgical System may be more useful.…”

“…Knight et al () reported that compared with vessel anastomosis using traditional manual microsurgical techniques, vessel anastomosis using robot‐enhanced methods requires 60% longer operating time. Kotsougiani et al () also reported that even when the learning plateau was reached, the operating time for vessel anastomosis remained 42% longer an experienced microsurgeon required an operating time of 17.9 and 12.6 min when using a 3D high‐definition viewing system and a conventional binocular microscope respectively. In our series, compared with vessel anastomosis using the standard operating microscope and hand‐sewing technique that using the da Vinci Surgical System required a 37% longer operating time (38.4 ± 10.4 vs. 28.0 ± 7.7 min, respectively).…”

“…Studies have investigated the possibilities for robot‐assisted microsurgery in surgeon training (Alrasheed, Liu, Hanasono, Butler, & Selber, ; Brahmbhatt, Gudeloglu, Liverneaux, & Parekattil, ; Gudeloglu, Brahmbhatt, & Parekattil, ; Kotsougiani et al, ; Liverneaux, Hendriks, Selber, & Parekattil, ; Selber & Alrasheed, ). Furthermore, studies have reported the utility of robot‐assisted microvascular anastomosis through animal experiments (Katz, Rosson, Taylor, & Singh, ; Knight et al, ; Liverneaux, Taleb, Nectoux, & Facca, ; Taleb, Nectoux, & Liverneaux, ).…”

“…To perform conventional microsurgery by using a traditional operating microscope, a surgeon must adjust their neck, back, and hand posture according to the surgical position for maintaining the field of vision. High-definition visualization technologies and ergonomically designed surgeon consoles in robotic surgical systems enable surgeons to work for longer periods without developing neck or muscle fatigue (Kotsougiani et al, 2016;Wong et al, 2014). The use of these machines may also help operators avoid physiological tremors (Blavier, Gaudissart, Cadière, & Nyssen, 2007).…”