The legacy of medicalising ‘homosexuality’: A discussion on the historical effects of non-heterosexual diagnostic classifications

Anderson, Joel; Holland, Elise

doi:10.7790/sa.v11i1.405

Cited by 27 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Perhaps this is because the religious side feels more disapproving of dual membership of these groups. For example, some religious denominations condone the use of sexual orientation change efforts ([SOCE such as conversion or sexual reorientation therapy; see Anderson & Holland, 2015;Tozer & Hayes, 2004). The Australian Psychological Society strongly opposes such practices, and argues there is no evidence to support their efficacy, while ample evidence demonstrates the negative impact of stigmatizing sexual identities (APS, 2015).…”

Section: Discussion Of Major Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity Integration as a Protective Factor against Guilt and Shame for Religious Gay Men

Anderson

Koç

2020

The Journal of Sex Research

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Belonging to multiple identities that are incompatible has been linked to poor psychological wellbeing outcomes, including feelings of guilt and shame. Individuals who experience such conflict can use a range of strategies to reconcile seemingly incompatible identities. The current study aimed to explore the strategy of identity integration as a protective factor against guilt and shame for individuals who identify as both religious and gay. A sample of 183 religious gay men (M age = 29.31 years, SD = 10.42) completed an online survey comprising measures of religious identification, gay identification, guilt, shame, and identity integration. We found that religious identification predicted higher levels of religious-based guilt, and both gay identity-based guilt and shame. Conversely, gay identification was not associated with any feelings of guilt or shame. Identity integration predicted lower levels of all guilt and shame outcomes, and also moderated the relationship between religious identification and guilt and shamethat is, religious-gay identity integration attenuated the negative effects independently associated with religious identification. These findings suggest that identity integration may enable gay people to access the protective benefits of religious engagement and multiple group memberships while remaining connected to the gay community.

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Section: Discussion Of Major Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity Integration as a Protective Factor against Guilt and Shame for Religious Gay Men

Anderson

Koç

2020

The Journal of Sex Research

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“… Anti-bullying campaigns that specify information about LGBTQI+ bullying (Goodboy and Martin, 2018 [230]; Gower et al, 2018[226]; Hall, 2017 [193]) (Kull et al, 2016[192]). [233]).…”

Section: Monitoring and Evaluating The Inclusion Of Lgbtqi+ Studentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inclusion of LGBTQI+ students across education systems

2022

OECD Education Working Papers

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Box 1.1. Concepts of gender identity and expression, and sexual orientation Box 1.2. How many LGBTQI+ people are there? Box 1.3. Bullying, defined Box 1.4. Being an LGBTQI+ student during the COVID-19 pandemic Box 2.1. Free and Equal: A UN initiative Box 2.2. Conversion therapies in OECD countries Box 2.3. Creating an inclusive curriculum in the United Kingdom Box 2.4. Student challenges to finding accurate, unbiased information Box 3.1. A national priority Box 3.2. Bullied: The story of Jamie Nabozny Box 4.1. Navigating sensitive school environments for transgender students Box 4.2. SCEARE Model: Suggested Practices & Strategies EDU/WKP(2022)11  7 THE INCLUSION OF LGBTQI+ STUDENTS ACROSS EDUCATION SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW Unclassified 8  EDU/WKP(2022)11 THE INCLUSION OF LGBTQI+ STUDENTS ACROSS EDUCATION SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW Unclassified 1. Who are LGBTQI+ students and why promote their inclusion? EDU/WKP(2022)11  9 THE INCLUSION OF LGBTQI+ STUDENTS ACROSS EDUCATION SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW UnclassifiedThe term "gender" is a relatively new term in the discussion on sexuality and identity. Originally used to discuss linguistic differences in nouns that were classified as feminine, masculine, or neutral, "gender" was first introduced in the 1950s to refer to a human identity and not commonly used until the 1970s, then by feminist scholars (Bullough, 2003[2]). As opposed to the biological term "sex", gender has developed to be a psychosocial construct (Council of Europe, 2022[9]). However, many use the terms "gender" and "sex" interchangeably (Ibid.). Gender includes how individuals relate to and express their masculinity and femininity. Although variation from strict cisgender identification and attraction has always been in evidence throughout history, social movements demanding rights for same-sex couples and non-traditional gender identities emerged slowly in Western Europe in the late nineteenth century (Schlagdenhauffen, n.d.[10]), and more definitively as a global movement from the Stonewall Riots in New York City in 1969 (Blakemore, 2020[11]). That event, at which police raided a gay bar, initiated the Gay Pride movement, which is now celebrated in numerous countries.Sexuality is now acknowledged as a multi-dimensional concept, which is characterised by complex interactions between physical, emotional and social, historical and even political factors. For example, according to Jourian (2015[12]), it is possible to differentiate between four components of sexual identity:(1) sex, (2) gender identity, (3) sexual orientation, and (4) gender expression. According to Dorlin (2021[13]) who analyses feminist philosophies from the past 50 years, "sex" can be associated with three different concepts: (1) biological sex, which we are attributed at birth (male or female); (2) gender, which corresponds to social norms, roles, experiences and perceptions; and (3) sexuality, which correspond to sexual practices of sexually active individuals. A widely used definition of sexuality that encompasses its different aspects comes f...

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“…Notwithstanding non-heterosexual orientation should be respected (Kite and Bryant-Lees, 2016); most people have been implicitly upholding the normalcy of heterosexuality. Likewise, any hint of homoerotic desires, fantasies, and/or behaviours as well as any clue of ambiguity have been deemed deviant or pathological by many people (Anderson and Holland, 2015;Cheng, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding the internalized homonegativity Scale by including the factor of fear of being identified as a non-heterosexual person

Rubia¹,

la²

2019

Int. J. Psychol. Couns.

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The purpose of this instrumental research was to expand the Internalized Homonegativity Scale to assess a new factor, the fear of being identified as a non-heterosexual person, and to validate the new instrument. A questionnaire was applied to an incidental sample of 200 medical students from a private university in Monterrey, Mexico. This questionnaire was composed of four items about sociodemographic information, one is about self-defined sexual orientation, 16-item Internalized Homonegativity Scale (plus five items to assess the new factor), Attitude Towards Lesbians and Gay Men Scale, and Kinsey's Sexual Orientation Scale. The overall internal consistency was excellent. Upon removing two items, a four-factor model was reproduced through exploratory factor analysis; the goodness of fit was good. The four factors showed evidence of internal consistency and discriminant validity. The IHN-21 total score followed a normal distribution and its mean was higher among men than among women. IHN-21 had negative correlation with age and sexual orientation, and positive correlation with attitude of rejection towards gay men and lesbians. It is concluded that the scale shows internal consistency and reliability and construct validity.

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The legacy of medicalising ‘homosexuality’: A discussion on the historical effects of non-heterosexual diagnostic classifications

Cited by 27 publications

References 56 publications

Identity Integration as a Protective Factor against Guilt and Shame for Religious Gay Men

Identity Integration as a Protective Factor against Guilt and Shame for Religious Gay Men

The Inclusion of LGBTQI+ students across education systems

Expanding the internalized homonegativity Scale by including the factor of fear of being identified as a non-heterosexual person

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