The legacy of monazite processing in Brazil

Lauria, Dejanira da Costa; Rochedo, E.R.R.

doi:10.1093/rpd/nci303

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In these soils mitigation measures were adopted for remediation. It is observed that some values of the concentrations of 228 Ra and 226 Ra in soil samples from the radioactive anomaly of the cities of Pedra and Venturosa are within the range of values determined by Lauria and Rochedo [17]. This indicates that a more detailed study would be necessary to verify the possibility of mitigation measures for remediation in the soils existing in the locality of the radioactive anomaly of the Pernambuco and Pedra de Venturosa cities.…”

Section: Natural Radionuclides In Rocks and Soilsmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Analysis of legal responsibility for natural radioactive anomaly in the wild semi-arid region of Pernambuco

Fernandes¹,

Alexandre²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2020

IJAERS

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High concentrations of uranium-238 ( 238 U) and thorium-232 ( 232 Th) were found in rocks of the natural radioactive anomaly existing in the cities of Pedra and Venturosa located in the State of Pernambuco. The studies were carried out in a technical partnership between the former company NUCLEBRÁS and CPRM, in 1975. After exhaustive prospecting studies, the anomaly was considered economically unfeasible for mining. Although the anomaly was considered economically unviable, the inhabitants of the municipalities of Pedra and Venturosa are subject to high levels of natural radiation. In Brazil, the exploration of radioactive ores is the responsibility of the Union, and the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) is responsible for the management of such resources, with the Nuclear Industries of Brazil (INB) being responsible for mining activities. In CNEN regulations there are no radiological protection measures that must be adopted in the case of natural radioactive anomalies considered economically unfeasible. Thus, and within this context, the present study aimed to research, within the scope of Brazilian legislation, the legal responsibility for the natural radioactive anomaly of the cities of Pedra and Venturosa. For that, a bibliographic review search was used in the specialized literature. The results obtained showed that, legally, CNEN is responsible for the natural radioactive anomaly located between the cities of Pedra and Venturosa, and, therefore, it must adopt mitigation measures of radiological protection in the area where the anomaly is located.

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Section: Natural Radionuclides In Rocks and Soilsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Soils contaminated with monazitic sand processing residues in the state of São Paulo, presented concentrations of 228 Ra and 226 Ra ranging from 153 to 33,000 and from 50 to 6,500 Bq.kg -1 , respectively [17]. In these soils mitigation measures were adopted for remediation.…”

Section: Natural Radionuclides In Rocks and Soilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of legal responsibility for natural radioactive anomaly in the wild semi-arid region of Pernambuco

Fernandes¹,

Alexandre²,

Carvalho³

et al. 2020

IJAERS

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“…Lack of regulations related to radioactive wastes in Brazil led to radioactive wastes from monazite processing to be dumped without any protective measures. 83 Subsequent remediation of the sites resulted in additional waste that also had to be dealt with. These wastes could not be transported to other locations within Brazil as no one accepted them.…”

Section: Recycling Of Ree Magnetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare earths: A review of the landscape

Ganguli

Cook

2018

MRS Energy & Sustainability

114

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“…Attempts have been made to solve the problems resulting from the NORM wastes from the monazite cycle in Brazil and elsewhere, but to no avail [5][6][7]. One of the problems of the NORM wastes from the monazite cycle is bioavailability, which in the long run tends to have a distinct probability to reach the food chain.…”

Section: Data On Norm From the Monazite Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

NORM from the monazite cycle and from the oil and gas industry: Problems and tentative solutions

Paschoa¹

2009

Radioprotection

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Abstract. Naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) associated with monazite had its origin before the 20 th century. The volume and complexity of monazite NORM wastes increased as the industrial applications of monazite also increased. During and after the WWII the diversified uses of thorium turned monazite into an important commodity. At the end of the 20 th century the production of oil and gas from offshore platforms in continental shelves increased remarkably. Hundreds of millions of m 3 of produced water from the oil and gas industry, containing NORM wastes and other byproducts, are discharged into the oceans every year. E&P processes mobilize the natural occurring radio-nuclides extant in the oil and gas reservoirs. A wide range of concentrations of 238 U and 232 Th and their respective progenies, mainly 226 Ra, 222 Rn and 210 Pb (from the 238 U series), and 228 Ra and 228 Th (from the 232 Th series) appear in tube scales and sludge. The radium isotopes in NORM wastes generated in the monazite cycle become more bio-available than those isotopes found in wastes from the oil and gas industry. This work discusses some of the problems arising from the existence of monazite cycle and oil and gas industry NORM wastes, and proposes a tentative solution.

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The legacy of monazite processing in Brazil

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Analysis of legal responsibility for natural radioactive anomaly in the wild semi-arid region of Pernambuco

Analysis of legal responsibility for natural radioactive anomaly in the wild semi-arid region of Pernambuco

Rare earths: A review of the landscape

NORM from the monazite cycle and from the oil and gas industry: Problems and tentative solutions

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