The Legacy of Sport Events for Emerging Nations

Abstract

Large-scale and mega sport events (SMEs), such as Olympic Games and FIFA World Cups, have been more frequently hosted in emerging nations. Bidding and hosting SMEs is considered an object of policy for many emerging nations, with SMEs viewed as key factors in local and national development strategies. This has largely been driven by the assumption that their legacy provides solutions to economic, social, cultural, or political challenges. A variety of legacies have predominated the literature over the past two decades, however it is proposed that there is a difference in the types of legacies anticipated or realized within emerging nations. This exploratory study therefore aimed to determine the types of legacies anticipated or realized by emerging nations as a result of hosting sport events, and to determine if these differ from those of established nations. A systematic literature review followed the PRISMA approach to identify and select peer-reviewed articles that focused on legacies from major and mega-events hosted in emerging nations. A set of 97 publications were analyzed qualitatively to reveal the key legacy themes. The findings confirm legacy as a growing body of knowledge in emerging nations, aligned with increasing event hosting. The findings reveal insights on the extent of literature on this topic in emerging nations, including the major nations, events, authors and publications represented. While the paper cannot determine unique legacies for emerging nations, it identifies key legacy focus areas for these nations, primarily: social development; politics, soft-power and sport-for-peace; the economics of tourism, image and branding; infrastructure and urban development; and sport development. This paper proposes a conceptualization of key legacy areas for emerging nations and proposes future research themes. The paper is unique in its highlighting of the significance of legacy outcomes for emerging nations from the hosting of sport mega-events. It therefore contributes to a more nuanced understanding of and imperative for legacy from sport events globally.

Legacies and impacts of sports mega-events in Brazil: São Paulo as a host city for football matches

“…In the case of mega sporting events, the IOC and FIFA encourage the construction of modernization constructions, infrastructure, transportation and urban mobility that cities need for the mega-event, "strengthening the production process of the corporate space” (Santos and Silveira, 2001: p. 295) and developing a fundamental role in the production and financing of the territory and the economy. However, these interventions often represent unnecessary works carried out only to legitimize the high investments and later maintain, thus being able to divert money by activating political mechanisms of corruption and real estate speculation (Preuss, 2019; Knott and Tinaz, 2022).…”

“…Within these areas, the tourism sector (Auger, 2017) emerges as a possibility to take advantage of these legacies (Knott and Tinaz, 2022), through structural transformations in host cities are often categorized as “hard” or “soft” (Preuss, 2007; Wise and Harris, 2019). Based on these premises, the present study aims to present and reflect critically on the main legacies and impacts that these events brought to the Brazilian population, focusing on the city of São Paulo, suppressing and diversifying studies on other 11 host cities and stadiums among them the city of Rio de Janeiro and the Maracanã stadium (Lohmann et al, 2015; Rocha, 2016; Gaffney, 2019; Hall and Wise, 2019; Wise, 2019; Yamawaki et al, 2020; Melo et al, 2020; Ribeiro et al, 2020, 2022a).…”