The Legalization of Rotational 24-hour Care Work in Austria: Implications for Migrant Care Workers: Table 1

Österle, August; Bauer, Gudrun

doi:10.1093/sp/jxv001

Cited by 42 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Precarization of migrant workers, then, may be ambivalent (Agergaard & Ungruhe, 2016). If, on the one circumstances, people migrate to another country looking for better living conditions and end up living in precarious conditions, on other hand, these same people in some cases get access to benefits and social protection that they did not have in their home countries (Österle & Bauer, 2015).…”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precarization of Work and Migration: A Review of the International Literature

2020

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This research aims to highlight the relation between precarization of work and migration, based on the understanding that migrant workers take part assisting in the economic and social development of the countries. Method: The methodology used was a systematic review of the international literature on precarious work and migration in the period from 2008 to 2018. Main results: People migrate between countries for economic, social or political factors. Common of these three reasons is the desire to have a better life conditions. Even in some cases these migrants get access to benefits, they probably will suffer some kind of precariousness-whether in unhealthy services, without legal protection or living in unsuitable housing. This is the ambivalent nature of the precarious work-and its consequences. Relevance/originality: It is observed that large part of the research on migration in the least developed countries began with propositions borrowed from researchers who codified the experience of developed countries. It is necessary in our field to present a systematic examination of how precarization and migration are addressed in the organizational studies. Theoretical/Methodological Contributions: As a contribution to the field, in this paper it is proposed a theoretical model that involves the two phenomena and, provides the reader with standardized and systematic scientific information that may assist in the development of the field by mapping existing knowledge on this subject.

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Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precarization of Work and Migration: A Review of the International Literature

2020

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“…Another example of regulation in domestic employment is the Austrian reform regarding the legalization of rotational 24‐hour care work (24‐Stunden‐Betreuung) that was introduced in 2007. The aim of the reform was to regularize previously illegal arrangements in long‐term care provision in private households that mostly involved migrant care workers (see Österle and Bauer ). Formal employment is encouraged by a means‐tested, monthly benefit for households recruiting a 24‐hour care worker.…”

Section: Policy Approaches To Domestic Servicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to France's National Institute of Statistics, two‐thirds of these hours were previously undeclared (Marbot ). Similarly, the legalization of rotational 24‐hour care work in Austria has contributed to creating tens of thousands of formal jobs in home‐based care (Österle and Bauer ).…”

Section: The Impact Of Policy Approaches On Precarious Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self‐employment is not explicitly encouraged under any of the policy approaches; however, it has become the prevailing employment relationship in Austria, where 99 per cent of 24‐hour care workers are self‐employed. According to Österle and Bauer (), the primary reason for this is the financial and administrative structure of the legislation, which favours households contracting the self‐employed. The regulation increases jobs with a formal contract; however, from the workers' perspective self‐employment does not protect from precariousness as it excludes them from minimum wage and work time regulations, thus making them more vulnerable to exploitation due to underpayment and overtime (Bauer et al .…”

Section: The Impact Of Policy Approaches On Precarious Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Domestic Employment Policies in Shaping Precarious Work

Jokela

2017

Soc Policy Adm

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This article compares policy approaches regarding domestic employment in affluent countries and examines their impact on precarious work. Drawing on secondary literature and policy documents, this study identifies five policy approaches commonly applied in affluent countries to regulate and develop domestic employment: (1) affordable services; (2) simplifying use; (3) regulating employment; (4) regulating labour migration; and (5) no policy. The comparative analysis of different policy types shows that policy design is crucial in regulating employment conditions and the level of precariousness in paid domestic labour. Based on a literature review, three dimensions of precarious work are studied: (1) the nature of employment (formal/informal); (2) the employment relationship; and (3) the form of employment (temporary or permanent, part time or full time). I argue that the current policy measures in place may increase precariousness either directly by promoting, for example, informal and irregular work, or indirectly through households (offering incentives for households that weaken workers' positions). The analysis also identifies positive measures that contribute to creating more secure employment conditions in domestic work through formalizing the sector. While there are differences in the outcomes of the different policy types, the findings suggest that across welfare states, domestic employment policies are still mostly demand driven and sustain the traditional, special nature of domestic work – often at the workers' expense.

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“…This carries implications in terms of wages, the quality of care administered, and also workers' mental health (Tayah 2016). Caring for people with chronic ailments without proper training can lead to traumatic stress, a condition characterized by a gradual lessening of compassion over time (Österle and Bauer 2015). Argentina's vocational training for domestic workers, including migrant domestic workers, could be considered a good practice in this regard as it reflects the occupational profiles making up the sector.…”

Section: Skills Development and Recognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safeguarding the Rights of Asian Migrant Workers from Home to the Workplace

2017

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International migration of workers is growing. The global economic slowdown of the late 2000s and the early 2010s put a brake on employment opportunities in many countries across the world, and the crisis is not fully behind us. Nonetheless, the number of labor migrants is still increasing, and this publication shows that 2015 may well be a peak year for labor migration from Asian countries, both within the region and toward OECD countries outside of Asia. Neither political shifts nor persistent low oil prices have yet put a dent in the legal movement of Asian workers to employment in other countries.These large-scale flows are nothing new, yet policies are in flux, both for the management of labor migration and for the protection of migrant workers. Asian countries are making constant adjustments to their policies to better match the flows of migrant workers to the needs of their countries, to protect migrant workers, and to strengthen compliance mechanisms.There is increasing attention to migrant workers in multilateral frameworks. Two of the UN Sustainable Development Goals targets relate directly to the need to lower costs borne by migrant workers, especially those who leave their families to support them by working temporarily abroad. There has been a growing focus on fair recruitment practices-those which do not charge fees and related costs to migrants and allow them to keep a greater share of their earnings.Another important issue in protecting workers is to ensure that they are not exploited at the workplace, and this extends equally to those who are undocumented. The publication provides evidence on the extent of irregular migration in Asia. Reducing irregular migration requires a comprehensive approach, and cannot be limited to immigration enforcement measures only. The need to improve labor protections for all workers can be matched with mechanisms to ensure that legal matching between workers and employers can occur without exorbitant costs, and that appropriate channels are in place for orderly and safe migration.One of the most vulnerable groups of labor migrants are women working in domestic work and home-based care work, particularly since their work is often not recognized as real work with economic value, and as they work in isolation in the household of employers. The chapter in this year's publication highlights the importance of gender responsiveness in managing labor migration and in developing policies to protect all migrant workers.Since 2011, the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have organized an annual Roundtable on Labor Migration in Asia. Since 2013, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) has also participated, and the three organizations have put together an annual report on the themes of the roundtable. The February 2016 event, held in Tokyo, focused on Safeguarding Labor Migrants from Home to Workplace. The question of how best to ensure that migrants are not subject to harm as they move abro...

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The Legalization of Rotational 24-hour Care Work in Austria: Implications for Migrant Care Workers: Table 1

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Precarization of Work and Migration: A Review of the International Literature

Precarization of Work and Migration: A Review of the International Literature

The Role of Domestic Employment Policies in Shaping Precarious Work

Safeguarding the Rights of Asian Migrant Workers from Home to the Workplace

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